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英語寫作十大技巧
英語寫作和漢語寫作一樣,要寫出好文章除了要有好的內(nèi)容外還少不了好的結(jié)構(gòu),而結(jié)構(gòu)的好壞又取決于選詞造句。以下是小編收集整理的英語寫作十大技巧,希望能夠幫助到大家。
1. Make the paragraph the unit of composition: one paragraph to each topic.
不同的段落構(gòu)成文章,每個(gè)段落僅傳遞一個(gè)觀點(diǎn)。
2. As a rule, begin each paragraph with a topic sentence; end it in conformity with the beginning.
規(guī)則:每個(gè)段落均以主題句開頭,并且首尾呼應(yīng)。
A. the tohttps://p.9136.com/0bes at or near the beginning;
主題句前置;
B. the succeeding sentences explain or establish or develop the statement made in the topic sentence;
段落圍繞主題句展開,后面的句子對(duì)主題句進(jìn)行展開解釋;
C. the final sentence either emphasizes the thought of the topic sentence or states some important consequence.
末尾句或者對(duì)主題句進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào),或者闡述主題句帶來的結(jié)果。
3. Use the active voice
主動(dòng)句永遠(yuǎn)比被動(dòng)句直接有力
Eg: There were a great number of dead leaves lying on the ground.
= Dead leaves covered the ground. (清晰生動(dòng))
Eg: The reason that he left college was that his health became impaired.
= Failing health compelled him to leave college. (簡(jiǎn)潔有力)
Eg: It was not long before he was very sorry that he had said what he had.
= He soon repented his words. (簡(jiǎn)潔有力)
4. Put statements in positive form
以肯定的形式表達(dá)否定的意思, 避免使用平淡、毫無色彩,猶豫不決和含糊其辭的語言。
Eg:He was not very often on time.
= He usually came late.
Eg: He did not think that studying Latin was much use.
= He thought the study of Latin useless.
Eg: The taming of the Shrew is rather weak in spots. Shakespeare does not portray Katharine as a very admirable character, nor does Bianca remain long in memory as an important character in Shakespeare’s works.
= The women in The Taming of the Shrew are unattractive. Katharine is disagreeable, Bianca insignificant.
5. Omit needless words
刪除冗詞
Vigorous writing is concise. A sentence should contain no unnecessary words, a paragraph no unnecessary sentences, for the same reason that a drawing should have no unnecessary lines and a machine no unnecessary parts. This requires not that the writer make all his sentences short, or that he avoid all detail and treat his subjects only in outline, but that every word tell.
有力的寫作一定簡(jiǎn)潔。
Owing to the fact that
=Since (because)
In spite of the fact that
=Though (although)
Call your attention to the fact that
=Remind you (notify you)
The fact that he had not succeeded
=His failure
6. Avoid a succession of loose sentences
別寫流水賬,找找語言的邏輯關(guān)系,通過who, which, when, where, and while 這些詞把句子串起來。
7. Express co-ordinate ideas in similar form
Parallel structure 平行結(jié)構(gòu)講究對(duì)稱美:內(nèi)容對(duì)等,結(jié)構(gòu)一致。
Eg: Formerly, science was taught by the textbook method, while now the laboratory method is employed.
Parallel structure: Formerly, science was taught by the textbook method; now it is taught by the laboratory method.
8. Keep related words together
詞的位置決定詞的關(guān)系,所以遵循“物以類聚”,意思關(guān)聯(lián)緊密的詞放在一塊。
A: 主謂之間不分割,補(bǔ)充信息需前置
Eg: Wordsworth, in the fifth book of The Excursion, gives a minute description of this church.
Eg: In the fifth book of the Excursion, Wordsworth gives a minute description of this church. (狀語前置,主謂毗鄰)
B:關(guān)系代詞緊隨先行詞出現(xiàn)
Eg: There was a look in his eye that boded mischief.
Eg: In his eye was a look that boded mischief. (名詞look先行,關(guān)系詞that緊隨)
9. In summaries, keep to one tense
總結(jié)通常使用現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài),如果使用過去時(shí),請(qǐng)保持時(shí)態(tài)一致。
10. Place the emphatic words of a sentence at the end
欲擒故縱的圓周句(periodic sentence)中,強(qiáng)調(diào)信息后置。
Eg: Four centuries ago, Christopher Columbus, one of the Italian mariners whom the decline of their own republics had put at the service of the world and of adventure, seeking for Spain a westward passage to the Indies as setoff against the achievements of Portuguese discoverers, lighted on America.
Eg: With these hopes and in this belief I would urge you, laying aside all hindrance, thrusting away all private aims, to devote yourselves unswervingly and unflinchingly to the vigorous and successful prosecution of this war.
拓展:英語寫作技巧剖析
內(nèi)容
1、你想說的最重要的事是什么?如果已經(jīng)說出來了,在草稿中找出這段話,并在句子下面劃線。如果還沒有說出來,現(xiàn)在就寫。
2、文章里所寫的每件事都同主旨相關(guān)嗎?哪個(gè)部分你不需要?如果你寫的是當(dāng)你在銀行實(shí)習(xí)時(shí),意識(shí)到自己寧愿成為一名核物理學(xué)家,那么坐公交上班這段話就顯得十分沒有必要了。
3、你做到具體化了嗎?如果發(fā)現(xiàn)自己只是泛泛而談,那么就把一般變?yōu)榫唧w。
4、你有沒有思考并回答讀者最想問的問題?
5、你的文章是否像你的人?有沒有在陳述自己時(shí)過于正式?是不是過于隨意?尋找一種適合主題的語調(diào)(乏味的語調(diào)會(huì)毀了一個(gè)好故事)。
6、文章中最令你滿意的是什么?
7、文章中最令你不滿的是什么?哪一部分還不對(duì)頭?要使它和文章其他部分一樣好,你能做什么?
趣味
1、你開頭的第一個(gè)句子能否抓住讀者的注意力?如果你是讀者,它能吸引你嗎?“我14歲時(shí),我家搬到了吉隆坡”是否同“他們把大貨車開過來,上面裝著各種各樣的箱子。我的東西被他們無情地扔進(jìn)里面,直到空蕩蕩的房間里只剩下我一個(gè)人。我們又搬家了!币粯游耍
2、你的文章是否需要更多的細(xì)節(jié)?舉例來說,如果你已經(jīng)寫了在你志愿服務(wù)的野營(yíng)地里,孩子們教會(huì)你“欣賞生活中簡(jiǎn)單的事情”,你還需要再多寫一到兩句話,詳細(xì)描述一下這種教育意味著什么。
3、結(jié)尾能讓讀者們感覺文章已經(jīng)寫完了嗎?結(jié)束語聽上去像是結(jié)束語嗎?在一篇寫自己從錯(cuò)誤中汲取教訓(xùn)的文章里,一個(gè)總結(jié)性的概括,不如某些發(fā)自內(nèi)心的簡(jiǎn)單寫法具有感染力。
4、大聲地讀你的文章,相信自己的耳朵。你認(rèn)為這篇文章有趣嗎?如果自己都覺得它令人厭倦,想想讀者的感覺!
清楚
1、是否每個(gè)段落在文章中都有明確的位置?如果不是,就需要做些刪除或改寫一下。
2、你的讀者能輕松地跟上你的思緒嗎?有沒有需要填充的裂縫或者需要?jiǎng)h除的不必要的迂回?
3、有沒有一些詞或句子顯得粗糙或模棱兩可?如果有,刪除模棱兩可的詞,加工粗糙的地方。
簡(jiǎn)潔
1、你的文章到底是從哪里正式開始的?能否把那些引導(dǎo)性的句子刪除,直接進(jìn)入主題?
2、有沒有和主題無關(guān)的細(xì)節(jié)?如果有,刪掉它們。
3、是否用了很多的詞語,其實(shí)用一到兩個(gè)詞就可以完全代替?“我要告訴你們的非常重要的一點(diǎn)是,我申請(qǐng)的只有貴校一所學(xué)校,那是我從童年開始形成的一生的渴望!边@是一個(gè)無比冗長(zhǎng)的句子,不如改為:“我只申請(qǐng)了艾莫利大學(xué),因?yàn)槲乙恢倍枷脒M(jìn)這所學(xué)校。”記住,在一篇短文里,每一個(gè)字都要有意義。
用法和風(fēng)格
1、你把所有的舊詞、過時(shí)的詞都刪掉了嗎?
2、你用沒用主動(dòng)語態(tài)和動(dòng)作性很強(qiáng)的動(dòng)詞?
3、對(duì)句子的長(zhǎng)度和結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行過修改嗎?
4、有沒有用到描述性的詞和比喻的手法?
5、是否避免了使用空洞的修飾語,如“very”,“rather”,“somewhat”等等?
6、如果使用了縮略語,它們是否和文章的風(fēng)格統(tǒng)一?省略號(hào)的位置對(duì)不對(duì)?
語法
1、主語同動(dòng)詞單復(fù)數(shù)是否一致?
2、代詞與先行詞是否一致?
3、代詞指代明確嗎?(尤其要注意的是“this”和“that”)
4、修飾詞的位置是否靠近被修飾詞?
5、有沒有懸垂結(jié)構(gòu)或放錯(cuò)位置的修飾語?
6、動(dòng)詞的形式同時(shí)態(tài)及語態(tài)一致嗎?
7、有沒有逗號(hào)重疊的情況?
8、有沒有發(fā)現(xiàn)不完整的句子?
標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)
1、標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)是否明確地劃分開句子結(jié)構(gòu)?
2、所用的標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào),如省略號(hào)、冒號(hào)、波折號(hào)、分號(hào)、逗號(hào)、括號(hào)、連字號(hào)、引號(hào)等是否正確?
3、是否盡量不使用驚嘆號(hào)?(合適的詞語比驚嘆號(hào)在表達(dá)上更為有效)
技巧
1、大寫字母是否用得正確并前后呼應(yīng)?
2、數(shù)字使用是否相互對(duì)應(yīng)?(十以前的數(shù)字最好用拼寫的方式,十以后的數(shù)字用符號(hào)代替。如果搞不清楚,就全用符號(hào)表示。)
3、每個(gè)詞都拼寫正確嗎?
4、因篇幅所限需要分開的詞分得是否正確?
5、你的文章是否打印得整潔?版式是否吸引人?
較對(duì)
1、有沒有丟掉的詞或行?
2、有沒有打字錯(cuò)誤?
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