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高考英語閱讀理解作者的意圖
在閱讀理解中往往是決定成敗的關鍵，巧解閱讀理解中關于作者意圖、觀點、態(tài)度的問題是在閱讀理解中取勝的關鍵法寶。
高考英語閱讀理解作者的意圖
作者觀點態(tài)度題就是指針對作者的寫作意圖、觀點態(tài)度和對事件的評價設問的閱讀理解題目。作者在文章中不僅客觀地進行敘述和說明，往往還持有某種態(tài)度，如對某一觀點或贊同或反對，或肯定或批評。因此這類題主要考查對作者的觀點、感情、態(tài)度、寫作目的和意圖的理解。
作者的觀點和態(tài)度除了直接表達外，還經(jīng)常在文章中間接表達出來�？忌梢酝ㄟ^全文的敘述，從文章的主要內(nèi)容去理解作者的觀點；有時作者也會在文章中用特殊的詞匯表達自己的思想感情。同學們要從文章中的用詞、語氣或對某個細節(jié)的陳述來推斷作者的態(tài)度、觀點等。
觀點態(tài)度題的題干形式：作者態(tài)度觀點題考查目標比較明確，題干一般都含有according to the writer, attitude, opinion, believe, consider, regard等詞或短語。這類題目除了考查作者在整篇文章中所表現(xiàn)的態(tài)度和寫作意圖外，有的還考查作者對具體的某個人或事物的態(tài)度或評價。作者觀點態(tài)廈題的題干主要有以下幾種形式：
1) What is the purpose of the text?／The purpose of the passage is to .
2) What is the opinion of the writer in this passage?
3) What's the author's attitude towards…?
4) Who are the intended readers of the passage?
5) What does the author mean by saying "…"?
6) From the…paragraph, what do you think the author wants to tell us?
作者觀點態(tài)度題的解題：作者的態(tài)度和立場一般分為三大類：支持、贊同、樂觀；客觀、中立 高二；反對、批評、懷疑、悲觀。同學們除了可以通過在文中尋找?guī)в懈星樯实脑~來判斷作者的態(tài)度外，有時還需要綜合運用一些閱讀，如：根據(jù)文章中與問題相關的細節(jié)做出判斷，根據(jù)作者提供的例證推斷其暗示的態(tài)度、觀點，有時還需要同學們通讀全文并把握文章的主旨，最后做出正確選擇。下面我們以2008年部分省市題為例，具體分析作者觀點態(tài)度題的解題。
例1：
On the first day of my visit, we went out with one of my father's friends for lunch at an outdoor café. We walked along that afternoon, did some shopping, ate at the street table, and lauded over my son's funny facial expressions. Gone was my father's critical(挑剔的) air and strict rules. Who was this person I knew as my father, who seemed so friendly and interesting to be around? What had held him back before? (2008年全國卷I A篇)
58. What does the author think of her father after her visit to Tucson?
A. More critical.
B. More talkative.
C. Gentle and friendly.
D. Strict and hard-working.
【解析】本題問作者對父親的看法。A．更挑剔了；B．更健談了；C．溫和而友好；D．嚴厲而且勤奮。此題需要從文章的細節(jié)描寫著手找到答案。根據(jù)"Gone was my father's critical(挑剔的)air and strict rules"和"…who seemed so friendly and interesting to be around"這兩句可推知作者感覺父親不像從前那么嚴厲、難以相處了，父親現(xiàn)在看起來友好而且有趣。答案選C。
例2：
People believe that climbing can do good to health. Where can you learn the skill of climbing then? If you think that you have to go to the mountains to learn how to climb, you're wrong. Many Americans are learning to climb in city gyms(體育館)….
How do people climb the wall? To climb, you need special shoes and a harness (保護帶) around your chest to hold you. …A beginner's wall is usually about 15 feet high, and you climb straight up. …The most difficult part is to control your fear….
Climbing attracts people because it's good exercise for almost everyone. You use your whole body, especially your arms and legs. This sport gives your body a complete workout. When you climb, both your mind and your body can become stronger. (2008年安徽卷C篇)
67. Why does the author write this passage?
A. To tell people where to find gyms.
B. To prove the basic need for climbing.
C. To encourage people to climb mountains.
D. To introduce the sport of wall climbing.
【解析】題目問作者的寫作目的，這在文章中并沒有指明，需要同學們通讀全文來把握文章大意。從全文來看，本文主要講述的是攀登運動越來越受到人們的青睞，但也需要訓練，詳盡地介紹了對身體有益的室內(nèi)攀登運動。四個選項對作者寫作意圖表述如下：A．告訴人們哪里有體育館；B．證明人們對攀登有著最基本的需求；c．鼓勵人們?nèi)サ巧�；D．介紹室內(nèi)攀登這項運動。選項A不是文章的主題；選項B在文章結尾段雖有涉及，但也算不上是主要內(nèi)容；作者雖然提及了攀登的好處，但并未明確鼓勵人們參與此項運動，因此C不正確。答案為D。
例3：
The number of married women who want to continue working increases rapidly because they enjoy their jobs. However, if they want to have children, they immediately have serious problems. Though most companies allow women to leave their jobs for a short time to have a baby, they expect women with babies to give up their jobs. In short, if they want to bring up children properly, both parents have to work, but it is hard for mothers to work. Indeed, women who want to continue working have to choose between having children or keeping their jobs.
In a word, Asian governments must take steps to improve the present situation as soon as possible. (2008年安徽卷E篇)
75. The writer seems to believe that Asian governments should .
A. let women stay at home and have a baby
B. allow one of the parents to go out to work
C. care for the growing needs of women for jobs
D. punish the companies that permit women to leave
【解析】題目問作者在亞洲政府對女性就業(yè)這一問題上給出了什么建議。A．讓女性回歸家庭生兒育女；B．允許父母中的一個外出；C．對女性在方面的需求多加關注；D．懲罰那些允許女性離職的公司。根據(jù)第一段最后一句話"Indeed, women who…or keeping their jobs"及最后一段可知女性所面臨的實際困難，所以亞洲各國政府應該采取一些措施改變這一現(xiàn)狀來避免出現(xiàn)更多的DINK家庭，而最有效的措施是C項。
例4：
Well, I had nothing against feeling great and if Alex could jog every day, anyone could. So I took up jogging seriously and gave it a good two months of my life, and not a day more. Based on my experience, jogging is the most overvalued form of exercise around. And judging from the number of the people who left our neighborhood jogging army, I'm not alone in my opinion. (2008年浙江卷D篇)
54. What was the writer's attitude towards jogging in the beginning?
A. He felt it was worth a try.
B. He was very fond of it.
C. He was strongly against it.
D. He thought it must be painful.
【解析】本段講述了作者通過親自參加jogging(慢跑)鍛煉，體會到jogging并不像人們中的那么好，他認為自己的鍛煉方式也可以達到健身的目的。題目問作者起初對慢跑的看法如何。A．他認為值得一試；B．他非常喜歡這項運動；C．他極力反對這項運動；D．他認為這項運動非常痛苦。從"I had nothing against feeling great and if Alex could jog every day, anyone could."和"So I took up jogging seriously and gave it a good two months of my life, and not a day more."兩句，我們可以看出作者起初對慢跑并無排斥，而且認為值得一試，A項較符合作者的態(tài)度。
例5：
It was in a tree, too, that our days of fooling around in the woods came to an end. By then some of us had reached seventh grade and had begun the rough ride of adolescence(青春期). In March, the month when we usually took to the woods again after winter, two friends and I set out to go exploring. We climbed a tree, and all of a sudden it occurred to all three of us at the same time that we really were rather big to be up in a tree. Soon there would be the spring dances on Friday evenings in the high school cafeteria. (2008年天津卷E篇)
55. How does the author feel about his childhood?
A. Happy but short.
B. Lonely but memorable.
C. Boring and meaningless.
D. Long and unforgettable.
【解析】題目問作者如何評價自己的童年。A．快樂卻短暫；B．孤單卻值得回憶；C．乏味、無趣；D．漫長而又難忘。根據(jù)"It was in a tree, too, that our days of fooling around in the woods came to an end."和 下句"In March…,"以及下句"…and all of a sudden it occurred to a11 three of us…h(huán)igh school cafeteria"可以看出作者是在慨嘆童年時光快樂卻短暫。答案選A。
高考閱讀理解設題越來越靈活。題目難度也逐年增加，作者的態(tài)度觀點已不僅僅局限在"是與非"、"支持與反對"、"樂觀與悲觀"的選擇上，而是加入了更多對文章細節(jié)和主旨大意理解的要求。解答這類題的時候，同學們要注意題目的提問方法是否有明確的針對性。即是針對文章中的一部分進行設題。還是對全文的寫作目的或意圖進行考查。結合多種閱讀技巧有助于同學們做出正確選擇。
常見的英語同義詞50組(下)
26. 增加 27. 笑 28. 瘋 29.味道 30. 滑 31. 怕 32. 閃光 33. 大 34. 感情 35. 工作,職業(yè) 36. 停止 37. 旅行 38. 抓,握 39. 看,凝視 40. 靜 41. 消滅 42. 結果 43. 表明,代表 44. 幫助 45. 獲得,得到 46. 禮品,禮物 47. 愚蠢 48. 地區(qū) 49. 會議,集會 50. 成就,功績
26.增加
increase: To make or become larger in amount or number.
it refers to quantity or intensity as well as size.
The population of this county has increased.
add: To put together with something else so as to increase the
number size, importance.
He added some wood to increase the fire.
(擴大) enlarge: To grown larger or wider.
I want to enlarge this photograph/house.
(放大) magnify: To make something appear larger than in reality, esp. by means of a lens.
You have magnified the peril.
(擴充) amplify: To make large or fuller, esp. give fuller information, more details etc.
to amplify a radio signal/sound.
augment: (fml) To become larger or greater.
It emphasizes the action of addition.
He augmented his income by writing some short stories.
(擴展 擴張) expand: To increase in range scope or volume as well as in size. Iron expands when it is heated.
(加長) extend: To make longer in space or time, to extend a railway.
Can't you extend your visit for a few days.
27.笑
(微笑)
smile: The corners of your mouth move outwards and slightly upwards.
He smiles his consent./with satisfaction.
(大笑) laugh: To make a noise to show one's amusement and
happiness. You can laugh at a joke or at an amusing sight. You can laugh at someone without being amused.
They all laughed loudly.
(露齒而笑) grin: To smile with the teeth.
The boy grinned from ear to ear when I gave him a
sweet.
(暗笑 含笑) chuckle: To laugh quietly.
I could hear him chuckling to himself as he read
that funny article.
(咯咯笑) giggle: To laugh repeatedly foolishly and uncontrollably, esp. by girls.
I heard them giggle when I passed by the girls.
(竊笑 暗笑) snicker: To laugh in a disrespectful more or less secret way.
On hearing his absurd opinion, I went snickering.
(假笑 癡笑) simper: To smile in a silly unnatural way.
When I told him the thing, he simply simpered.
(得意的笑) smirk: To smile in a false or too satisfied way.
He smirked at everyone that passed.
(竊笑) titter: To laugh very quietly from nervousness or badly
controlled amusement.
The girls tittered when they heard this.
(狂笑) guffaw: To laugh loudly and rudely.
All the people guffawed at his silly words.
(哄笑) roar: To laugh long and loudly.
They roared after they heard the joke.
(歡笑) chortle: To give a laugh of pleasure or satisfaction.
He chortled with delight when I told him the news.
(笑罵) taunt: To try to make sb angry, or upset by making unkind
remarks, laughing at faults or failures.
They taunted her with her inability to swim.
(嘲笑 嘲弄) ridicule: To laugh unkindly at or to make unkind fun of.
They all ridiculed the idea.
(譏笑) deride: To laugh at or make fun of as of no value. /to mock
at someone with contempt They all derided his foolishness.
(嘲弄) mock: To laugh at sb(sth) when it is wrong to do so, esp.
by copying in a funny or contemptuous way.
The students mocked the seriousness of his expression.
twit: (infl) To make fun of sb because of behavior, a mistake, a fault, etc.
He twitted her with her timidity.
(嘲笑 輕蔑地笑) scoff: To laugh at, to speak or act disrespectfully. /to
speak in scornful mocking way.
It was a great invention but at first many people scoffed at it.
(戲弄)
chaff: (infl) To make fun of sb in a good-humored way.
He chaffed the man about his mistakes in speaking English.
(譏笑) jeer: To laugh rudely at /to insult sb in a loud, unpleasant way.
They always jeer at the priests.
gibe(jibe): To laugh at with the intention of hurting the feeling with sarcastic remarks.
Don't gibe at her behavior until you know the reason for it.
(譏笑 冷笑) sneer: To express proud dislike by a kind of usu, one- side
smile or to show scorn or contempt by looks.
She sneered at the furniture in his neighbor's home.
joke: To make fun of.
You mustn't joke with him about religion.
(取笑) jest: To act or speak playful, not seriously.
Don't jest about serious things.
(戲弄) banter: To speak, or act playfully or jokingly.
We bantered him on the subject of marriage.
(輕視) scorn: To look down upon.
28.瘋
mad: Showing that one has amanita illness which often causes them to behave in strange way.
crazy: (infl) Very strange or foolish.
psychotic: The most precise one. used by psychiatrists.
insane Not sound in mind. used in scientific articles.
lunatic: (old derog) wildly foolish.
demented It indicates sb's mentality has degenerated from a precious level.
maniac: (n) A mad person who is violent and dangerous.
29.味道
smell: The most general one.
It refers to something pleasant or unpleasant.
odo(u)r: (fml) More used in scientific articles.
fragrance: A sweet or pleasant smell.
It refers to flowers and stresses a delicate smell from plants.
Those roses have a delightful fragrance.
scent: A smell esp. left by an animals, an pleasant smell.
Our dog lost the fox's scent.
perfume: A sweet or pleasant smell.
It refers to either natural smell or a man-made smell and stresses a strong and rich smell compared with fragrance
aroma: A strong usu pleasant smell, often a spicy smell.
flavor: The particular quality of tasting good or pleasantly strong. The bread hasn't much flavor.
savor: The smell of food by the processes of cooking.
The meat had cooked too long and lost its savor.
stink: A strong unpleasant smell. the stink of sweaty feet.
stench: A very strong unpleasant smell.
30.怕
fear: The feeling that one has when danger is near.
(可怕) dread: A great fear esp. of some harm to come.
It suggests fear of facing whatever is coming. Usually dread also means loss of courage.
Illness is the great dread of his life.
(畏懼) fright: The feeling or experience of fear. sudden great fear.
I nearly died of fright at the sight of escaped lion.
(恐慌) alarm: Sudden fear and anxiety as caused by the possibility of
danger and excitement caused by fear of danger.
The news caused great alarm.
(恐懼) terror: Extreme and intense fear.
The people ran from the enemy in terror.
(恐怖 戰(zhàn)栗) horror: A feeling of great shock, fear and dislike.
I cried out in horror as I saw the man killed.
(驚恐萬狀) panic: Sudden uncontrollable quickly-spreading fear or terror, which results in unreasonable and frantic activity.
When I realized the situation I got into a panic.
(敬畏) awe: A feeling respect mixed with fear and wonder.
He always stands in awe of his father.
31.閃光
shine: The most general one.
(閃耀) glitter: To shine brightly with flashing points of light.
All that glitters is not gold.
(發(fā)火花) sparkle: To shine in small flashes.
It suggests uneven, bright flashes reflected from light-catching objects.
We can see a diamond sparkling in the sunlight.
(閃光) flash: To give out a sudden and monetary bright ray of light/
To shine suddenly for a moment.
(閃耀) glisten: To shine from or as if from a wet surface.
His hair glistened with oil. The wet road glistened.
(閃爍) gleam: To send out a bright light moderately, mildly not violently.
A cat's eye gleamed in the dark. The lantern gleamed.
(冒火花) spark: To send out small bits of fire.
He was so angry that his eyes sparked furiously.
(閃爍不定) flicker: To burn unsteadily, shine with an unsteady light.
The candle flickered and then went out.
glimmer: To give a very faint, unsteady light.
The lights glimmered in the distance.
(閃爍) twinkle: To shine with a unsteady light that rapidly changes from fright to faint.
The stars are twinkling in the sky in the evening.
glow: To give out heat and/or light without flames or smoke.
The iron bar was heated until it glowed.
(閃爍) glint: To give out small flashes of light, as the eyes of an eager person are supposed to do
The sun glinted through the leaves after the shower.
(眩光) glare: To shine with a strong light in a way unpleasant to the eyes.
The lights of the car glared at me.
flame: To burn brightly.
You can see the burning log flaming.
(冒火苗) blaze: To burn with a bright flame.
the house is blazing.
(閃閃燃燒) flare: To burn with a 高中語文 bright flame, but uncertainly or for a short time.
The candles flared in the wind.
dazzle: To make unable to see because of a sudden very strong light.
The headlight dazzles.
coruscate: (fml) to flash, sparkle.
The sparks coruscated.
scintillate:
The gems scintillate.
32.大
big: Large in size, extent or important.
large: Much bigger than average
great: Very large, important, and good.
great change / great writer / great idea.
huge: Very fig in size, amount and degree.
It stresses volume.(體積)
a huge house/ make a huge profit.
vast: Very large and wide, great in size or amount.
It stresses area.(體積)two dimensional extensions
It is a vast expanse of desert.
vast plains/ vast majority / at vast expanse.
immense: Very great in size or degree./very large or huge.
It stresses three dimensional largesse.
It implies immeasurableness.
an immense palace/ immense importance
The government will build an immense stadium.
enormous: Extremely large./very large in size, amount or degree.
It stresses not only size but degree.
It implies abnormality.
He earned enormous sums of money
an enormous animal/ enormous appetite/ enormous amount
tremendous: Extraordinarily large in size, amount or degree. / large or impressive
It implies astonishment, terror.
tremendous speed / tremendous noise/ tremendous amount /tremendous feeling.
gigantic: Immense in size, on a very large scale like a giant.
titanic: Very big or important.
It refers back to the Titans, a race of giant in Greek mythology. It stresses force and power.
We've made titanic effort to achieve our purpose.
colossal: Very large indeed.
It comes from Colossus of Rhodes a huge statue that is
one of the wonders of the ancient world.
It implies incredibility.
33.感情
feeling(s): It can refer to mind or body. It's either pleasant or painful.
(感覺) sensation: (u c n) A direct feeling coming from the senses and conveyed to the nervous system by the organs of seeing, hearing, touching, tasting or smelling. Sugar gives a sensation of sweetness.
(激情) emotion: (c n) Any of the strong feelings of the human spirit Love, joy, anger, hatred and grief are emotions.
His speech had an effect on our emotions rather than our reason.
(強烈的激情) passion: Strong emotions, strong, deep often uncontrollable
feeling, esp. of sexual love, hatred or anger.
The poet expressed his burning passion for the woman he loved.
(情操 情趣) sentiment: (u c n) A tender or fine feeling as of pity, love, sadness or imaginative remembrance of the past.
It's not a beautiful watch, but I wear it for sentiment because it is my father's. Admiration, patriotism and loyalty are sentiments.
34.工作 職業(yè)
work: (u n) A very general one.
job: (c n) Any sort of gainful regular employment whether
permanent or temporary.
He had a good jog in a bank.
profession: It suggests a position that can't be gained without a considerable amount of higher education.
It implies intellectual work, scholarship and mainly refers to three learned professions-law, medicine and theology.
What do you think of the profession to be a teacher?
occupation: What he is engaged in, either continuously or temporarily, for any purpose, whether of profit of amusement, learning.
Can you find occupation suitable for his abilities.
employment: (u n) What one is doing, work done in service of another in order to make a living or get pay./temporary business,
The government gives some money to the worker out of employment.
vocation: (c n) A job which one does because one thinks one has a special fitness or ability or sense of duty.
It suggests the people do it in order to help others not for the earning of a livelihood. teaching and nursing. Teaching children ought or be a vocation as well as a way of earning money.
position: (fml) A job, post, usually involving professions managerial or clerical work, not manual.
She got a position as a governess.
He lost his position as steward.
35.停止
stop: The most general one.
pause: To stop for a short time.
He paused to pick up a stone.
cease: To stop moving or acting.
It implies a total extinction.
They ceased (from) quarrelling. to cease fire.
quit: To stop doing something and leave.
It implies the meaning of "voluntarily and completely."
He quitted his school/job.
halt: To cause to stop.
It refers to the abrupt, decisive termination of movement.
It implies the meaning of "by authority or force."
The soldiers halted for a rest.
knock off: (infm)To stop
terminate: To come to an end.
The two countries terminated their relations.
36.持久
durable: Long-lasting
It refers to the power to resist change, delay and wear.
we must make a durable peace.
(ever)-lasting: Continuing for a long time/unending.
It refers to something that may end sooner or later. a lasting sorrow/ a ever-lasting friendship.
perpetual: (strongest one) Lasting for ever or a long time.
/uninterrupted happening often. It refers chiefly to an activity that is not susceptible to interruption.
I'm tired of your perpetual complainants/chatters.
permanent: Lasting for ever.
The permanent of the treaty is in doubt.
enduring: Lasting and continuing to exist.
It implies great resistance to both time and change.
37.旅行
journey: The most general one.
it is now usually used of travel by sand and often
suggests the covering of considerable time or distance, and a direct going from a starting point to a destination, with no necessary implication of a return.
travel: A passing from place to place, not necessarily in a direct line or with fixed destination.
trip: (infm) It suggests the covering of shorter time or distance and a direct journey and implies an final return to the starting point.
tour: A journey that returns to the starting point, and many places are visited generally over a considerable distance often by means of a circuitous route. for instance for sightseeing, inspection, honey moon, business.
excursion: It emphasizes a temporary departure from a given place and specifies a return to it. It can point to a sea or land tour or to a short outing a short journey made for pleasure usu by several people together.
voyage: A long journey on a ship or in a spacecraft.
38.抓,握
grasp: To take hold of something firmly usu using the whole hand. Grasp all and lose all.
He grasped her by the hand.
clasp: To hold something firmly and tightly with one's arms or hand round.
The child clasped his doll protectively.
clutch: To grasp something quickly and greedily.
It suggests eagerness or an anxiety in seizing or grasping and may implies less success in holding.
The mother clutched her baby in his arms.
seize: To take hold of suddenly with force. The animal seized its prey.
to seize sb by the hand/to seize something from sb.
snatch: To grasp something quickly and suddenly sometimes secretly
It suggests more suddenness or quickness but less force than seize.
The thief snatched her purse and ran away.
grab: (infml) It implies more roughness and rudeness than snatch. She grabbed his arms and pulled him out of the room.
grip: To take a very tight hold of something esp. with your fingers or with a tool.
He gripped the nail and pulled it out.
39.看 凝視
see: To experience with the eyes and it does not depend on what you want to do.
look at: To use your eyes on purpose and with attention.
watch: to look for some time at something that may move.
gaze: To look long and steadily, often with the implication of
wonder, admiration.
stare: To gaze intently esp. with wide-open eyes as in amusement,
admiration, wonder, deep thought, anger or fear.
glance: To look at something quickly and briefly.
glimpse: To see by chance, just for a moment.
glare: To stare angrily, fiercely.
It emphasizes hospitality or fear.
peep: To look quickly and secretly or from a hiding place.
peer: To look sharply and curiously with a narrowing of the eyes
often a movement of the head forward.
gape: To look hard in surprise, esp. with the mouth open.
40.靜
quiet: Without any sound. A quiet person is not noisy or loud. A quiet street may have little or no traffic on it.
still: Without any movement.
An engine is still if it is not running.
silent: Without any words.
calm: Peaceful. A calm person is relaxed. He doesn't get excited easily.
peaceful: (something) Gentle and restful and calm.
It is very peaceful in the country.
41.消滅
destroy: To damage it so much that it is completely ruined.
The enemy soldiers destroyed everything in sight when they captured the village.
damage: To hurt or lower the value of something.
The car was damaged in the accident.
ruin: To destroy gradually, little by little. An object that has been ruined has lost all its value or usefulness, which can't be repaired or fixed.
Moths ruined good woolen clothes by eating holes in them.
spoil: To ruin something so it can't be used.
Milk will spoil if it is not kept cold.
demolish: To destroy big or substantial things such as buildings
Many buildings had to be demolished before the new highway could be built.
exterminate: To destroy in a big way or in large amount.
wreck: To break it, destroy it, or spoil it completely.
It usually refers to vessels or vehicles.
42.結果
result: The most general one.
What happens because of something else.
It indicates a strict causal link between the two events.
The word may often suggest an earlier action
deliberately taken to gain a particular goal. It suggests a unique or unpredictable one-time action.
consequence: (fml) Something that follows from an action or condition.
More often the word suggests a negative result or at least the negative concomitant (相伴的) of an otherwise desirable effect.
Cancer is a consequence of smoking.
effect: A special or particular result.
It gives a more objective almost scientific tone and emphasizes a principle that underlies a chain of events.
Did the medical have a good effect.
43.表明 代表
mean: The most general one
show: To show that something exists or is true means to prove it. It refers to the agreed- upon ideas or thing that words or signs stand for.
suggest: To cause to come to mind.
It by contrast concentrates specifically on covert or
implicit qualities or association in signs or language.
It stresses tentative alternatives in meaning.
He claims to mean one thing, but his choice of words suggests quite another.
The sight of birds suggested a new idea for flying machine.
indicate: To make a sign for/clear.
It stresses a rough approximation of literal meaning.
A high fever indicates severe illness.
His answer indicated that I could leave.
imply: To express indirectly.
It stresses subtlety or complexity of association.
His manner implies that he would like cone with us.
Do you realize what his words imply?
denote: To be a mark of.
It specially refers to what a term strictly or literally means.
The sign x denotes an unknown number.
A smile often denotes pleasure.
The sign "=" denotes that two things are equal.
connote: (more formal and technical) It refers to all the possible associations that are implied or suggested by a term. Connote is closer in meaning to imply than suggest. signify: To be a sign of.
It suggests a simple literal meaning and stresses any aspect of conveyed understandings. Sometimes the word is used especially to refer to the deepest import of an expression than to more obvious or superficial aspects
He signified his agreement by nodding.
A fever usually signifies a disorder of the body.
symbolize: To represent by one or more symbols.
It suggests a rich cluster of abstract concepts that are invested in a word, gesture or object and stresses a deliberate compression of complex idea into a concrete token that stands for them.
The dove symbolizes peace.
The sign "+" symbolizes addition in arithmetic.
44.幫助
help: The general one. to supply whatever someone needs or do whatever might be useful to him.
assist: To co-operate with sb not taking an important part.
He assisted the doctor in the operation.
aid: (not followed infinitive) To help sb who is weak or is in
trouble who wanted very much by adding your work to his in order to do something.
The Red Cross often aids flood victims.
45.獲得,得到
get: The most general one.
obtain: (fml)It stresses the seeking out of something.
gain: to get gradually.
It indicates greater effort in the seeking process, forceful
seizure.
He gained the prize because of his good work.
acquire: To get for oneself by one's own work, skill action piece by piece little by little.
He acquired good knowledge of English by hard work.
attain: To manage to achieve, to succeed in arriving at.
He attained the position of minister.
procure: It implies maneuvering to process something and suggests involved,
contrived or even shady (unjust) dealings.
46.禮品,禮物
present: It shows a friendly and respectful attitude usu substantial things.
gift: It shows something which is given voluntarily given without
expectation of return or compensation.
47.愚蠢
silly: Foolish or childish
a silly boy/story/fellow/question/mistake, silly remarks.
foolish: Very silly or unwise
a foolish act/child/old man, foolish people.
stupid: Showing lack of good judgment or intelligence and not at all
sensible.
a stupid idea/mistake/person/act.
48.地區(qū),地域
zone: A particular part of something or a particular place.
area: A small or large part not thought of a fixed land division.
A playground is an outside area.
region: Usually part of a country usually large may or may not
be thought of as fixed land division.
A desert is a barren region.
district: A fixed land division usually smaller than region.
We live in Hongkou District of Shanghai.
49.會議 集會
meeting: The most general one. any gathering of several or many people in one place at a certain time. A meeting can be large or small, long or shirt. It is usually planned ahead of time.
(年會) convention: An annual meeting of an organization or political group.
(討論會) conference: A meeting at which two or more people have an formal discussion and exchange views on a subject.
(代表大會) congress: A formal meeting of representatives of societies or countries to exchange information and opinion.
(集會) assembly: A group of people who have gathered together for a meeting for the purpose of being informed, being entertained or making group decisions.
(協(xié)商會) council: A meeting of a small group of people chosen from a large group to serve as advisers or consultants.
50.成就,功績
achievement: Something which one succeed in doing esp. after a lot of effort usually dangerous or difficult.
The first space flight was a great achievement.
accomplishment: The skill that people have required. It is something that took knowledge and, usually, hard work. When you have solved a hard arithmetic problem or learned to figure out, you can be proud of your accomplishment.
Among his many accomplishments is the ability to play card tricks.
feat: It requires more courage and strength. It applies to mental acts as well physical acts.
Learning a new skill is a feat.
exploit: An accomplishment that requires even greater daring and heroism than a feat.
Old stories tell about the exploits of famous heroes.
高三英語復習要制定計劃有效實踐
進入的`任務很重，往往覺得什么都要抓，就是時間不夠，不知道如何合理安排時間，提高，因此就如何抓好的，我談談幾點想法，供同學參考。
復習要有計劃性
從到高三，其他的教輔練習及課外讀物都不算，教科書就有六本，單詞有三千多個，同學感到最頭痛的是英語的一些習慣用語，量多背了又記不住，似乎已經(jīng)都學過了，講起來都有些印象，但一做題就錯了，如非謂語動詞，又是不定式，又是分詞，又是動名詞，在作專項練習時還可以，但在作綜合練習時就�；煸谝黄鹆�，不知道究竟選什么才好。因此我們同學在進入高三時或在結束時就應該有一個復習計劃，先粗線條地訂出一年的計劃，然后再較具體地訂出每個階段的計劃。
復習要有實踐性
英語是一門語言，它的實踐性很強，學習語言的目的是要運用所學到的語言進行社會交際與文化交流，就是考查學生的語言基礎，基本技巧及運用語言的，尤其是考查運用語言的。特別要指出的是，運用的考查在中不斷在加強 高二。了解這個趨勢很重要，近幾年英語高考的發(fā)展趨勢就是強化能力，如高考聽力占到三十分，今年高考又有了一些變化，語法詞匯選擇從原來的三十分改為二十分，同時閱讀與句子的翻譯又有了加強：語篇閱讀從四篇增加為五篇，句子的中譯英從十五分增加到二十分，所有這些變化都是為了強化語言能力的考查，也就是高考中更注重了語言的實踐性。
注意實踐能力培養(yǎng)
這主要包括英語的聽力與閱讀能力的訓練，首先要養(yǎng)成聽英語的習慣，可以聽磁帶，看英語電影，聽英語廣播，要天天聽，任何語言都是從聽開始的，有好多同學英語差多半是差在聽力上，因為沒有聽的習慣，聽不懂就不會念，因此背起來也很累，有基礎的同學念了幾遍就能背了，而聽力差的同學讀了好多遍還是背不出來。閱讀是靠大量的閱讀培養(yǎng)出來的，沒有一定量的閱讀，閱讀是不可能過關的，語言的掌握是靠量的積累，也就是要有大量的in鄄put，同學如果做練習時，做做語法或詞匯選擇還行，但看到閱讀理解時就怕了，這些同學的英語拿個及格可能還行，拿高分是不可能的。所以我們同學一定要注意英語的實踐性，加強聽說讀寫的實踐能力的培養(yǎng)和提高。
如何學習英語詞匯
1.多做題，搞懂每一題，不要有生詞。
不確定為什么答案是B就查字典。推薦朗文及牛津辭典。最好用英英，次之中英雙解，最不推薦用中英辭典，這樣永遠學不好。查單詞時，一定要從從頭看到尾，把各種解釋、用法、例句都快快看過一次。查字典找句你覺得不錯的例句多看，自己最好也造一句寫下來。
2. collocation 詞語搭配。
這是一般學的最大罩門。中文也有collocation，例如我們說一匹馬，不說一匹女人；打草驚蛇，不說打草驚蚯蚓。所以學要連該單詞的固定使用詞套或語境(context)一起學。一個單詞固定搭配的介詞也要一起記。如be consistent with視為一個單位記。所有解釋都過一遍，自己找出最符合上下文中的定義。字典中有單字就繼續(xù)查那個生詞，查到?jīng)]生詞為止。 Cross-reference is very important for boosting your vocabulary power.
3. 想盡辦法自己找出答案，自己真的找不到答案才問。
一定要學會自己找出答案。Be your own teacher!
4. 給自己定個時間表。
詞匯量是日積月累的，一天搞懂(不是死記)十個重點單字，當天寫篇日記或發(fā)手機短信運用學到的這些詞。每天前一天的單詞，當天自是得心應手。
5. 隨時隨地學英文。
我力不是很好，所以我大多是用分析的方式幫我記住單詞。我也不習慣用看的，所以大部分用聽的方式。我還習慣利用零碎時間。例如打車時，走路時，玩時，就放著BBC廣播當背景聲。你們也可以去買一套有磁帶的單字書，每天多聽幾次。睡前也聽，睡眠法很有用。
6. 活用語音表意、以形表意、語音轉換等詞匯，利用已知背未知的大原則。
每次看到新單詞，就先從你已經(jīng)知道的單詞中找最接近的單詞去聯(lián)想，看能否語音轉換，多多練習聯(lián)想會愈快。這些理論只要自己多練習活用，以后下意識看到單詞就自動會把它拆開啦！上過我詞匯課的同學，應該要看的懂我所標示的說明，如total/ partial assimilation，規(guī)則還記得嗎？
7. 基本詞綴要看熟。
如ad-,-ate, -ful etc. 去找本有字根字首分析的書。然后最好要有英文解釋及例句。運用我教過的幾種詞匯理論，把每個單字都歸納過一次，包括書中的字根字首都可以用語音轉換分析，這樣單字才記得牢。
8. 這周就記這十個單詞吧！
9. 請盡量學習用英文了解英文。
我的講義向來不放中文解釋，就是不希望同學太依賴中文，而影響對英文單詞的正確理解。我的單詞解釋都以英文為主，不告訴你中文,高二。要是有生詞，請自己查字典。至少定義部分要達到無單詞的地步。請盡量學習用英文了解英文。當你比我用功的時候，你的英文應該進步神速了。
10. No passive reading！
盡量開口說，就算記生詞也是。把握正確念法，才能幫助記住一個單詞。多找文章大聲朗誦。
暑假自學非謂語動詞表達意義區(qū)別
在針對至善教育暑假班李老師準備的非謂語動詞練習之后，新高三的學習對非謂語動詞熟悉或是漏洞應該都找的差不多了，且看游學歐洲多年的李老師是如何解析非謂語動詞用法的。我么來學習第四個問題：注意區(qū)別。
注意以下表達的意義區(qū)別
falling leaves 正在下落的樹葉 fallen leaves 已經(jīng)落下的樹葉
boiling water 沸騰的水 boiled water 燒開過的水
developing countries 發(fā)展中國家 developed countries 發(fā)達國家
I like swimming， but I don’t like to swim this afternoon.
Her job is giving piano lessons to children， but this Sunday her job is to teach the children how to dance.
The girl let out a frightened cry at the sight of the snake. (The girl was frightened. )
看到蛇，女孩尖叫起不。
His frightening shout scared the boys again.
( The shout was frightening and the boys felt frightened. )
他大吼一聲把那幫男孩給嚇跑了。
類似的還有：
an exciting voice 令人興奮的聲音 an excited voice 興奮的聲音
a puzzling look 令人迷惑不解的表情 a puzzled look 困惑的表情He
He hunted all the shops， looking for a nice present for his girlfriend.
(伴隨)他找遍了所有的商店，為他的女友尋來一件精英的禮物。
He hunted all the shops to buy a nice present for his girlfriend.
(目的)為給他的女友買一件精美的禮物，他跑遍了所有的商店。
I stayed up very late yesterday， preparing my speech.
(伴隨)我昨晚睡得很晚，一直在準備演講稿。
I got up very early this morning to prepare breakfast for my family.
(目的)今天早晨我起得很早以便給家人準備早餐。
高中英語教學中滲透思想品德教育的嘗試
摘要：根據(jù)新課改精神編寫的現(xiàn)行高中英語教材的課文中包含了許多道德教育、思想教育和心理素質(zhì)教育的寓德內(nèi)容。充分利用教材本身所具有的辯證唯物主義觀點和科學思維方式，可以引導學生思維活躍，思想辯證，培養(yǎng)學生堅強、進取、豁達、樂觀的性格。因此，作為英語教師應努力挖掘這些德育因素，以知識為載體，適時適度地在教學中滲透思想品質(zhì)、愛國主義和社會主義等方面的教育，培養(yǎng)學生良好的思想道德素質(zhì)。
關鍵詞：新課程；英語教學；滲透；思想品德教育
教育部制定的《普通高中英語課程標準（實驗）》明確提出“高中英語課程關注學生的情感，使學生在英語學習的過程中，提高獨立思考和判斷的能力，發(fā)展與人溝通和合作的能力，增進跨文化理解和跨文化交際的能力，樹立正確的人生觀、世界觀和價值觀，增強社會責任感，全面提高人文素養(yǎng)�！保坝⒄Z教材應滲透思想品德教育，應有利于學生形成正確的人生觀、世界觀和價值觀�！�；《中學德育大綱》中也指出：各科教學是向學生進行思想品德教育的最經(jīng)常、最基本的途徑，它對培養(yǎng)學生的思想道德素質(zhì)具有重要的作用，因此，各科教師均要教書育人，寓德育于各科教學的教學內(nèi)容和教學過程的各個環(huán)節(jié)之中，把《德育大綱》的貫徹實施，看作是各科教師的一項重要任務”。根據(jù)新課改精神編寫的現(xiàn)行高中英語教材的課文所涉及的題材比較廣泛，內(nèi)容包括歷史名人傳記、自然災害、環(huán)境保護、生態(tài)平衡、能源與交通、行為規(guī)范、人際關系、音樂體育、婦女權利等。這些教學內(nèi)容都滲透了德育因素，有的與我們的生活密切相關，有的是人類所共同關心的問題，具有時代性、思想性、知識性和真實性。英語教師應努力挖掘這些德育因素，以知識為載體，適時適度地在教學中滲透思想品質(zhì)、愛國主義和社會主義等方面的教育，培養(yǎng)學生健康的思想道德素質(zhì)。但是在實際的英語課堂教學中，許多老師只注重英語的聽說讀寫練習，而忽視了在教學中滲透情感教育和德育教育。而事實上，教育和教學是相輔相成，相互融合的，沒有單純的傳授知識的教學。課堂是師生心理交流場所，課堂教學的一切活動地無不表現(xiàn)教師的情操與思想。如果我們能夠根據(jù)英語學科的特點，認真鉆研教材，發(fā)掘蘊涵在教材中的思想教育因素，把德育教育自然融入教學，注意創(chuàng)造良好的學習情境與課堂氣氛，完全可以通過英語課堂教學的有效途徑，取得對學生進行思想品德教育的良好效果。現(xiàn)筆者結合英語課堂教學實際，談在英語新課程教學中滲透思想道德素質(zhì)教育的幾點嘗試做法和教學感悟：
1．挖掘教材中的思想教育因素滲透思想道德素質(zhì)教育
教師要充分利用高中英語新課程教材中本身所具有的辯證唯物主義觀點和科學思維方式等思想教育因素，引導學生思維活躍，思想辯證，培養(yǎng)學生堅強、進取、豁達、樂觀等性格的思想道德素質(zhì)。例如，高中英語必修1（人教課標版） Unit 1 Friendship?要求學生就“朋友應具備什么品質(zhì)”這一話題表達自己的看法，使用適當?shù)男稳菰~并通過簡單舉例來描述人的品質(zhì)。在上課時，教師可以首先向學生提出問題：What qualities should a good friend have? 讓全班學生在紙上列出朋友應該具有的品質(zhì)，可用形容詞也可用短語進行表達，從中選出最重要的三種品質(zhì)。學生已學的品質(zhì)形容詞包括active, brave, careful, clever, honest, helpful, humorous, kind, smart, wise, hard-working；generous, selfless, easy-going, reliable, considerate, patient, sincere, responsible等。然后讓學生欣賞有關友誼的格言和諺語，選出自己喜愛和不喜愛的格言，可以給出各自喜歡和不喜歡的理由。教師適時給以引導： An honest friend will tell you the truth when you make a mistake. In addition, an honest friend won't help you cheat in the exam. A helpful friend will be ready to offer help when you need it. A helpful friend won't add up what he/she does for you. 使學生領會友誼和朋友的真正內(nèi)涵，懂得正確處理與朋友之間的問題，培養(yǎng)健康的思想品德和高尚的人格魅力。
2．利用教材中的課文典型實例滲透思想道德素質(zhì)教育
在課堂教學中，教師可以充分利用高中英語新課程教材中的課文典型實例，把書本知識與社會實際聯(lián)系起來，引導學生關心家鄉(xiāng)建設、國家的發(fā)展、科學技術的成就和豐富多彩的社會文化生活，促使學生各種良好思想道德素質(zhì)的養(yǎng)成。例如, 高中英語必修5（人教課標版） Unit 1 Great Scientists這一單元主要話題是“科學家如何以探索、鉆研、無畏的科研精神驗證未知的科學真理。”Reading部分介紹英國著名醫(yī)生John Snow 是如何通過考察、分析、探究的科學辦法，發(fā)現(xiàn)并控制“霍亂”這種傳染病的。通過閱讀課文，使學生感悟科學家周密觀察、勇于探索、認真分析的科學精神，使學生了解科學發(fā)現(xiàn)的全過程具有其科學的嚴密性。教學步驟如下：
1．導入話題：There are some great scientific achievements that have changed the world. Can you name some of them?
2．設問如下：What kind of role do they play in the field of science ? Do these achievements have anything in common?Do you know how to prove a new idea in scientific research?
3．使學生初步了解得出科學觀點所需的過程：①First we should find the problem. ②Then, think of a method. ③We should 高中物理 collect as much information as possible.④ Analyzing results is the most important stage.⑤Before we make a conclusion, it is necessary for us to repeat some stages or processes.
4．最后讓學生Discuss in groups about the basic factors that make a scientist successful and understand the spirit of science.
又如，高中英語必修3（人教課標版） Unit 2 Healthy Eating,本單元以“健康飲食”為中心話題，通過單元教學讓學生了解各種食物對人體的作用，引導學生關注平衡膳食，促使學生養(yǎng)成健康飲食的習慣。在上Healthy Eating 這一單元時，先用討論引入話題，What are the damages of eating junk food? 讓學生對這個非常熟悉的話題暢所欲言，把自己親身經(jīng)歷和最有感受的真實事情在課堂上用英語講述出來。這樣，既提高了英語口語表述能力，又意識到了吃垃圾食品的嚴重危害性，因而重視飲食衛(wèi)生，自覺養(yǎng)成良好的生活習慣。
3．結合教材中的詞語例句滲透思想道德素質(zhì)教育
教師在對高中英語新課程教材中的典型詞語或結構作講析時，可以在例句中緊扣詞語意義、結構特點，引入“美、善”的內(nèi)容，一樣可以培養(yǎng)學生正確的人生觀、價值觀，使他們在潛移默化中修身成才。如講到高中英語必修4（人教課標版） Unit5 Theme Parks的 Reading部分時，課文中的相關語句：There are more than amusement park with…The big companies that own theme park expect to make a profit…You can see how our ancestors dressed…都能體現(xiàn)出主題公園的三個目的。Purpose 1: to entertain. Explanation: There are many rides to go and things to see. Purpose 2: to educate. Explanation: Visitors can learn about history,cultures and science. Purpose 3: to make profits. Explanation: Admission fees are charged,extra payment is required for rides and shows,and souvenirs and brand-name items are sold.而許多道理也就是在這種簡易的詞語例句中不言而喻的。(文化意識：開闊視野，認識世界各地各種功能的主題公園，欣賞不同文化的美，同時養(yǎng)成愛護珍惜家鄉(xiāng)傳統(tǒng)文化遺產(chǎn)的習慣。情感態(tài)度：陶冶情操，培育濃郁的鄉(xiāng)情及對祖國的熱愛之情；培養(yǎng)交際能力，合作互助的精神。)通過這種教學方式，教師不僅教授了英語教學大綱規(guī)定的內(nèi)容，又將課程的思想因素和品德教育有機滲透于課堂教學中，還對學生進行了有說服力的思想教育和思維訓練。
總而言之，新課程強調(diào)知識與技能，過程與方法，情感態(tài)度價值觀三位一體，培養(yǎng)學生終身學習的愿望和能力，尊重學生的個體與差異，發(fā)展學生的潛能，促進每一個學生的發(fā)展，教學中注重學科能力的培養(yǎng)和學科思想與方法的教育。中學階段英語課的學習對學生的人生觀、世界觀、健康心理的形成與培養(yǎng)起著至關重要的作用，寓德育于英語教學，在教學中滲透思想品德教育，是英語教師面臨的一個重要課題。我們應當努力挖掘高中英語新課程教材中極為豐富的德育資源，恰當運用各種傳統(tǒng)的、現(xiàn)代化的教育媒體，在教育教學改革的大潮中，按照英語教學的自身規(guī)律，培養(yǎng)具有高尚人格、美好心靈和豐富知識的一代新人。這是時代對我們的要求和重托，祖國和人民對我們教育工作者的殷切希望，更是做為一名教育工作者義不容辭的神圣職責。
參考文獻：
[1]中華人民共和國教育部．普通高中英語課程標準（實驗）．人民教育出版社．北京：2003．
[2]鄭金洲．基于新課程的課堂教學改革．福建教育出版社．福州：2003．
[3]姚瑞蘭．高中英語新課程教學設計與評價．高等教育出版社．北京：2008．
2016年高考英語語法題解題技巧
[導讀]我們就可以根據(jù)歷年測的分布，合理分配的時間。因此我們在時，就要在重點項目上多花時間，在非重點項目少花時間。
2005年——2010年上海市語法題考點統(tǒng)計表
從上述 “2005年—2010年上海市高考英語語法題統(tǒng)計表”上可以看出語法測試的重點是動詞，6次高考共測試36題，平均每次高考測試6題;其次是狀語從句有10題;名詞性從句有10題;形容詞與副詞有7題;而冠詞與數(shù)詞、虛擬語氣為最少。由此我們就可以根據(jù)歷年語法測試題的分布，合理分配語法復習的時間。因此我們在復習時，就要在重點項目上多花時間，在非重點項目少花時間。再如，在復習非謂語動詞時，哪些動詞后可以跟動詞不定式作賓語，哪些動詞后可以跟動名詞作賓語，要把常用的動詞進行分類，然后背誦;在復習動詞不定式作賓補時，我們也可以進行分類，如：feel, hear, listento, make, let, have, see, look at,watch, notice, observe等，這些動詞后面動詞不定式作賓語補足語時不帶to：I often hear him sing the song.Don’tforget to have him come. He sat lis-tening to her climb the stairs。各有不同，但目的只有一個，抓住重點，提高。
2、把握考點 提高
考點：語法注重對題干語境的理解和語法形式的掌握。
高考英語語法測試呈現(xiàn)兩大特點：一是基礎性，基礎測試面廣，覆蓋了詞法、句法的基本點;二是語法試題更呈現(xiàn)語境化，選用的題干語句上下文情景清晰，易于理解。我們分析前幾年的高考語法題，測試的內(nèi)容都是最基礎的，且題目難度不高。由于一道題對應一個語法點，做題時要同時揣摩通過這題想考哪個知識點，想明白了，題目也就迎刃而解了。如：
例 1 高一，At a rough estimate,Nigeria is ______GreatBritain. (05秋)
A. three times the size as
B. the size three times of
C. three times as the sizeof
D. three times the size of
剖析：本題測試倍數(shù)的表達方法。倍數(shù)有三種表示法：
(1)X times+as+形容詞或副詞原級+as， 如： A is threetimes as large asB。
(2)X times+形容詞或副詞比較級+than，如： A is threetimes larger than B。
(3)X times+名詞形式，如：A is three times the size ofB。
本題用的是第三種表達方法，所以選項D是正確答案。
例 2，In an hour, we cantravel to places ____would havetaken our ancestors days toreach。(06秋)
A.where B.when
C.which D.what
評析：本題考查定語從句。根據(jù)句意，先行詞“places”在定語從句中既是主語，又是不定式短語“to reach”的賓語，應該用關系代詞，所以C選項為正確答案。
3、講究方法 提高效率
在做語法題的時候，我們還可以找到一些方法來快速解題。
1)成分補充法
我們通過把省去的部分補完整，可以幫助我們更好解整個句子。
例1: ——Mum, why do youalwaysmake me eat an egg everyday?
—— _________ enough proteinand nutrition as you are growing up。
A.Get B.Getting
C.To get D.To be getting
如果我們把答語補充完整，那么就得到：I alwaysmake you eat anegg every day to get enough proteinand nutrition as you are growing up。這樣我們很快就得到答案C。
2)句子還原法
一些句式還原后就更加清晰明了，也更符合學生的習慣，這樣就容易解題了。
例1：Mrs Smithwasmuch disap-pointed to see the TV set she hadhad ________wentwrong again。
A. It B. it repaired
C.Repaired D. to be repaired
分析：本題在the TV set后有一個定語從句，還原法是破解定語從句的一個好方法，我們把先行詞還原到從句中，從句的結構就明確了：
She had had theTV set… 如果我們選用C. repaired,就成了：Shehad had theTV set repaired。
很顯然這是考核have sth. done的句型，我們很快就能找到答案C。
例2： Was everything Jim ___away by the robbers last night?
a. taken b. had taken
c. owned took d. like to take
這個句子把定語從句還原后得：everything that Jim had,然后再還原was得：
Everything that Jim hadwas tak-en away by the robbers last night。
因此我們很快就找到答案B。
3)排除干擾法
排除干擾法就是去掉題干中干擾的成分如定語、插入語、從句等，把題干理一理，使得我們看得更清楚。
例1： The bell ________the endof the period rang, ________ourheated discussion.A. indicating…interruptingB. indicated…interruptingC. indicating…interruptedD. indicated…interrupted
去掉 the end of the period和our heated discussion剩下：
The bell…rang，我們看到了一個主謂結構的句子，因此我們就可以判定，前后兩個空格都是非謂語的位置，所以很快就可以找到答案A。
例2： The strong wind causedthe fire, which obviously had beenset by someone on purpose, _______quickly across the field.A. spreading B. spreadC. to spreading D. to spread
如果我們把中間的非限制性定語從句先拿掉，剩下就是：
The strong wind caused the fireto spread quickly across the field。
這時我們可以看出這個題目的考點是cause sb./sth. to do，所以我們很快就可以判定答案是D。
4、不斷總結，不斷提高
我們做任何事，都要不斷總結，善于總結，才能不斷提高。
階段英語復習更是如此。我在教學過程中曾經(jīng)讓學生把每次練習、測驗、中做錯的題目抄在一個“錯題集”本子上，在題目的右邊留一段空白，寫上題目的答案、做錯的原因和解題思路，經(jīng)常看看做做，一直到完全掌握為止。
實踐證明這個方法很有效，同學們也可以試試。除了總結“錯題”外，還可以總結詞匯。比如我們總結了上海市高考詞匯表中以字母a開頭的表語形容詞，這些形容詞只能做表語和后置定語，不能做前置形容詞，它們是：afraid, alike, alive, alone, asleep,awake, aware。
5、把握命題趨勢
綜上所述，同學們應當把語法和詞匯復習的重點放在對基本結構和詞匯的準確理解和運用上，尤其是要結合交際功能和詞匯的復習，掌握在不同的語言情景里選用恰當?shù)恼Z法結構和詞匯。
同學們要特別注意不要在語法和詞匯復習中鉆牛角尖，不要超出英語語法的范圍對語法項目深挖，不要在有些語法學者和老師們尚有爭論的語法現(xiàn)象上花很多時間，不要進行煩瑣無謂的近義詞辨析，不要不加選擇地做過多的語法和詞匯練習，要大膽地擯棄那些過于復雜、轉彎過多、在真實語言交際中不可能出現(xiàn)的偏題、怪題。
總之，要把握高考英語語法和詞匯命題的趨勢：逐步轉向突出基本知識、突出運用、強化情景、體現(xiàn)語法和詞匯不脫離語言交際的趨勢。同學們要把復習的重點轉向廣泛閱讀，大量接觸生動活潑的語言材料，并最終掌握語法和詞匯知識。
6、讀懂題目再下手
看不懂的先停一停，先做會做的，先易后難。沒有讀懂題目，不要輕易下手。比如，Largemu-seums no longer acceptthat is offered to them, but ac-cept only objects thatmeet theirhigh standards. A. anything B.any C.whatever D. everything這個題目好象很容易，很多同學看一眼，馬上選出anything,理由是完全否定，在否定句中用any-thing;如果同學再仔細一些就會確定everything是本題答案，因為大博物館不是完全不接受ob-jects，而是接受那些符合他們高標準的objects，因此這個句子是部分否定。
最后，答題速度要快，一分鐘要做2—3題
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