英語(yǔ)萬能代詞What的主要用法
導(dǎo)語(yǔ):英語(yǔ)中,WHAT作代詞時(shí),它不僅含義豐富,而且其用法廣泛。毫無疑問,WHAT是一個(gè)萬能代詞,很值得英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)者掌握。以下是小編為大家精心整理的英語(yǔ),歡迎大家參考!
一、疑問代詞WHAT
在在英語(yǔ)提問中,疑問代詞what有很多用法。它在句子中可作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)等;它既可以問“身份、名字、性質(zhì)、類別”,也可以問“目的、數(shù)量、價(jià)值、效果”等。疑問代詞what相當(dāng)于漢語(yǔ)“什么”或“怎么樣”的意思,其主要用法如下:
1.問人或事物的特點(diǎn)。例如:
What is he like? [他人怎么樣啊?]
What kind of suit did she buy in town? [她在城里買的是怎樣的服裝?]
2.問有關(guān)事物的數(shù)量。例如:
What do you weigh? [你體重多少?]
What did you pay for the dictionary? [這本詞典你花了多少錢?]
3.問人的職業(yè)(工作性質(zhì))或事物的性質(zhì)(特點(diǎn))。例如:
What is your father? [你父親是干什么的?]
What is an engineer? [工程師是干什么的?]
What is the weather like in Beijing? [北京的天氣如何?]
4.問事物的內(nèi)容。例如:
What is the latest news? [有什么最新的消息嗎?]
What would you like to buy? [你想要買點(diǎn)什么東西?]
What is artificial intelligence? [什么叫做人工智能?]
5.對(duì)一些抽象名詞提問。例如:
What's your phone number? [你的電話號(hào)碼是多少?]
What's the price of the book? [這本書的`價(jià)錢是多少?]
6.對(duì)時(shí)間的提問。例如:
What time is it? (= What's the time?)[現(xiàn)在幾點(diǎn)了?]
What's the date today? [今天幾號(hào)?]
What day is today? (= What day is it today?)[今天星期幾?]
What month is it? [現(xiàn)在是幾月份?]
What comes after spring? [春季之后是哪個(gè)季節(jié)?]
7.問姓名、排號(hào)、尺寸、顏色等。例如:
What is your name? [你叫什么名字?]
What number are you? [你是幾號(hào)呢?]
What size shoes do you take? [你穿幾號(hào)的鞋?]
What color is your coat? [你的上衣是什么顏色?]
8.詢問對(duì)方的看法。例如:
What do you think of game shows? [你認(rèn)為游戲節(jié)目怎么樣?]
What about something to drink? [來點(diǎn)喝的怎么樣?]
二、關(guān)系代詞WHAT
關(guān)系代詞WHAT也有很多用法。它可引起主語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句等;它沒有疑問的含義,相當(dāng)于that、which、the thing(s) that(which),或the…that(which),從句表示的是事物。關(guān)系代詞WHAT在不同情況下有不同意思,其主要用法如下:
1.主語(yǔ)從句。例如:
What is beautiful is not always good. [美的東西并不總是好的。]
What happened after that was interesting. [后來發(fā)生的事挺有意思。]
值得一提的是,當(dāng)what引起主語(yǔ)從句時(shí),主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞數(shù)的形式比較復(fù)雜。中國(guó)著名語(yǔ)言學(xué)家周海中先生在1985年發(fā)表的《關(guān)于what-分句作主語(yǔ)的主謂一致問題》一文中,對(duì)主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞數(shù)的形式做了深入探究。其中,周先生指出:當(dāng)主句的表語(yǔ)是動(dòng)詞不定式、動(dòng)詞V-ing和從句時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞只能用單數(shù)形式。他提供了以下的實(shí)例:
What he is suited for is to be loved. (J. Bayley: Shakespeare and Tragedy)
What we're doing is getting a chap used to getting up, going to work, learning how to behave in a workshop. (New Statesman, 15 June 1984)
What it comes down to is that the big cars are considered better buys. (U. S. News & World Report, January 18, 1982)
2.賓語(yǔ)從句。例如:
I could hardly believe what he had told me. [我簡(jiǎn)直不敢相信他所告訴我的。]
His mother gives him what he asks for. [他要什么他母親就給他什么。]
3.表語(yǔ)從句。例如:
Books are what we need most. [書是我們最需要的東西。]
He is not what he was five years ago. [他不再是五年前的他了。]
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