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句中成分的省略的分類匯總
導語:英語省略句用詞簡練,表意簡練,往往收到一定的修飾效果。下面是小編為您收集整理的句中成分的省略的分類,歡迎閱讀!
省略句的定義:
按照語法的分析,有時句子應具備的成分出于修辭上的需要,會缺少一個或幾個句子語法結(jié)構(gòu)所必要的語言成分,但在一定語境中可獨立存在,仍能表達其意義完整并發(fā)揮交流功能的句子則被稱為省略句。省略的結(jié)果不僅能使句子結(jié)構(gòu)更加精練,而且可起到連接上下文并使相鄰詞語達到強調(diào)的.作用。
句中的某些成分因上下文已提供了充分明確信息或前文已出現(xiàn)過的某些成分,為了避免不必要的重復,也不會引起言語上的誤解,并可突出中心詞,從而使整文緊密連接的一種修辭手法,其語法現(xiàn)象就是省略。舉個例子:Glad to see you. 這是個簡單句,主語I和謂語am可以省略。省略的形式從單詞、短語到分句等都可省略,而且各有其一定的銜接關(guān)系。
省略句的分類:
1. 主語的省略
Beg your pardon. (我)請你原諒。(Beg前省略了主語I)
Come on! 得了吧(你)!(Come前省略了主語You)
2. 謂語的省略
John is a lawyer, his wife (is) a cleaner.
Some of us study Japanese, others (study) English.
3. 表語的省略
She was a lover of sports as she had been in her youth.(had been后面省略了a lover of sports)
4. 賓語的省略
Let's do the cases. I'll read and you'll type.(read和 type后面省略了賓語cases)
5. 定語的省略
I spent part of the money, and the rest I gave.(the rest后面省略了定語of the money)
6. 狀語的省略
She wasn't cry. Strange! (Strange前面省略了狀語how)
7. 詞的省略
a) 名詞、冠詞、物主代詞或介詞如果與前文重復時,可以省略,如:
I like red wine better than white (wine).
The lightning flashed and (the) thunder crashed.
Please take good care of these flowers and (these) plants.
We lived in Beijing and (in) Shanghai for some time.
b) 重復出現(xiàn)的形容詞,省略后邊的;兩個或兩個以上被形容詞修飾的同一名詞,前邊的'則常被省略。
We are young boys and (young) girls.
There were middle-aged (women) and elderly women to attend the meeting.
8. 英語中一些固定特殊的省略結(jié)構(gòu)
a) 在回答一般疑問句的簡略答語中,或回答用陳述句,祈使句表示要求、命令的簡略回答中,常用Yes /No+主語+助動詞,而省略主動詞或其它成份,但助動詞應和原句的助動詞和時間概念須保持相應的一致。
— Could I borrow your dictionary?
— Yes, of course you can.(句中 could表示委婉語氣,并不是過去式,因此答語用can,其后省略borrow my dictionary.)
— Don't forget to come to my birthday party tomorrow.
— I won't.(祈使句原含有未來的意味,再加上有tomorrow的限制,因此答語用 won't,其后省略forget to go you're your birthday party tomorrow.)
b) 同時省掉句子幾個部分有時好幾個句子成分都被省掉,除了對疑問句的簡略回答外,也出現(xiàn)在反意疑問句中。
You are a superman, aren't you (a superman) ?
c) 在以know, forget, remember等動詞結(jié)尾的簡答句后的子句通常也可省略,以避免重復。
— Who won the football match last night?
— Sorry, I don't know (who won the football match last night.)
d) 在以if, when, though, as, as if 等連詞引導的從句中,如從句中主要動詞是be, 可將主語和動詞be省掉。
He is very good at dancing, though (he is) very old.
The boy looked as if (he were) afraid of nothing.
e) so, nor/neither 用來表示“……也一樣”時的省略結(jié)構(gòu)
— I am a student.
— So am I (a student).
— We haven't been there.
— Neither (Nor) have we (been there).
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