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復(fù)合句中同位語(yǔ)從句的用法匯總
同位語(yǔ)從句指的是在復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)同位語(yǔ)的從句,屬于名詞性從句的范疇,同位語(yǔ)從句用來(lái)對(duì)其前面的抽象名詞進(jìn)行解釋說(shuō)明,被解釋說(shuō)明的詞和同位語(yǔ)在邏輯上是主表關(guān)系下面是小編為您收集整理的復(fù)合句中同位語(yǔ)從句的用法,歡迎閱讀!
復(fù)合句中同位語(yǔ)從句的用法1
1. that引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句
在下列名詞后可用that引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句answer, belief, doubt, fact, hope, idea, information, knowledge, law, news, opinion, plan, suggestion, thought, truth等。
I had no idea that you were here.
The story goes that William killed his wife.
He always works hard in spite of the fact that he is not in good health.
Suddenly the thought came to me that he would go blind.
注意:
、傥徽Z(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)詞that無(wú)含義,不充當(dāng)成分,不可省略。
、谕徽Z(yǔ)從句與其說(shuō)明的名詞或代詞為同一內(nèi)容,故可以用is把前邊的.中心詞和從句連接成一個(gè)句子。
、弁徽Z(yǔ)從句前一般沒(méi)有逗號(hào)。
that引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句與引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別:that引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句時(shí)只起連接作用,不充當(dāng)任何成分;that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí),在從句中要作成分,如主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)等。
、貶e told me the news that our team won.(that引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句)
、赥he news that / which he told me was very exciting.(that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句,在從句中作賓語(yǔ))
2. 在no idea, question, problem等后可用wh-疑問(wèn)詞引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句,if不引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句
I have no idea where he has gone.
I have no idea what he said.
3. 引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí)what與whatever, who與whoever的區(qū)別
what 與whatever:
What you want has been sent here.(what = the thing(s) that/all that/anything that特指)
Whatever you want makes no difference to me.(whatever = anything that泛指)
What caused the accident was a broken bottle.(特指)
Whatever caused the accident has not yet been found.(泛指)
who 與whoever:
Who will go to Beijing on business has not been decided.(who表疑問(wèn),表示“誰(shuí)”,“哪一個(gè)”)
Whoever breaks the law should be punished.(whoever = anyone who,表示“無(wú)論哪個(gè)人”)
4. 同位語(yǔ)從句注意與定語(yǔ)從句區(qū)別
同位語(yǔ)從句對(duì)前一名詞做補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明,在從句中無(wú)語(yǔ)法位置,而定語(yǔ)從句所修飾詞在從句中占一語(yǔ)法位置如:
The idea that one can do the work without thinking is wrong.(同位idea在從句中無(wú)位置,而從句只是具體說(shuō)明idea的內(nèi)容)
The idea that you put forward at the meeting is wrong.(定語(yǔ)從句,idea做put forward 的賓語(yǔ))
復(fù)合句中同位語(yǔ)從句的用法2
在復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)同位語(yǔ)的名詞性從句稱(chēng)為同位語(yǔ)從句。同位語(yǔ)從句是名詞性從句(主語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句、同位語(yǔ)從句)中的主要從句之一,也是中學(xué)英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)中的重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)點(diǎn)之一。在使用同位語(yǔ)從句時(shí),應(yīng)注意以下五個(gè)方面:
一、同位語(yǔ)從句在句中的位置
1. 一般情況下同位語(yǔ)從句跟在某些名詞(如news,idea,fact,promise,hope,message等)的.后面,用以說(shuō)明該名詞所表達(dá)的具體內(nèi)容。例如:
The news that our women volleyball team had won the championship encouraged us all greatly. 我們女排贏(yíng)得冠軍的消息大大地鼓舞了我們所有人。
I've come from Mr Wang with a message that he won't be able to see you this afternoon. 我從王先生那邊得知一個(gè)消息,他說(shuō)他今天下午不能來(lái)看你了。
2. 有時(shí)同位語(yǔ)從句可以不緊跟在它所說(shuō)明的名詞后,而被別的詞語(yǔ)隔開(kāi),在語(yǔ)法上叫做分隔式同位語(yǔ)從句。例如:
The thought came to her that maybe she had left the door open when she left home. 她突然想起可能在她離開(kāi)家時(shí)沒(méi)把門(mén)關(guān)上。
The story goes that he failed in the College Entrance Examinations again. 據(jù)說(shuō)他高考又落榜了。
復(fù)合句中同位語(yǔ)從句的用法3
同位語(yǔ)從句和定語(yǔ)從句很相似,相似之處在于都是修飾的前面一個(gè)名詞;但還是有區(qū)別的,區(qū)別主要在以下三方面:
定語(yǔ)從句同位語(yǔ)從區(qū)別:
1.從詞類(lèi)上區(qū)別同位語(yǔ)從句前面的名詞只能是idea,fact,news,hope,belief,suggestion,proposal,word,thought,doubt,truth,possibility,promise,order等有一定內(nèi)涵的名詞。而定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞可以是名詞,代詞。主句的一部分或是整個(gè)主句。如:
The possibility that the majority of the labour force will work at home is often discussed. (同位語(yǔ)從句)
We are not looking into the question whether he is worth trusting.(同位語(yǔ)從句)
Word came that he had been abroad. (同位語(yǔ)從句)
Our team has won the game, which made us very happy.我們的隊(duì)贏(yíng)了,這讓我們很高興。(定語(yǔ)從句)
The doctor whom you are looking for is in the room.你找的那位醫(yī)生在房間里面。(定語(yǔ)從句)
His mother did all she could to help him with his study.他媽媽盡她的最大努力幫助他的學(xué)習(xí)(定語(yǔ)從句,代詞all作先行詞。)
2. 從性質(zhì)上區(qū)別定語(yǔ)從句是從句對(duì)其先行詞的修飾或限制,屬于形容詞性從句的范疇;而同位語(yǔ)從句是從句對(duì)前面抽象名詞的.進(jìn)一步的說(shuō)明和解釋,屬于名詞性從句的范疇。如:
The news that our team has won the game was true. 我們隊(duì)贏(yíng)了那場(chǎng)比賽的消息是真的?(同位語(yǔ)從句,補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明news到底是一個(gè)什么消息。)
The news that he told me yesterday was true. 昨天他告訴我的那個(gè)消息是真的。(定語(yǔ)從句,news在從句中作told的賓語(yǔ)。)
I made a promise that if anyone set me free I would make him very rich. 我許諾如果誰(shuí)讓我自由,我就讓他非常富有。(同位語(yǔ)從句,補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明promise到底是一個(gè)什么諾言。)
The mother made a promise that pleased all her children. 媽媽做出了一個(gè)令她的孩子們高興的許諾?(定語(yǔ)從句,promise在從句中作pleased的主語(yǔ)。)
3. 從引導(dǎo)詞及其在句子中的成分上區(qū)別有些引導(dǎo)詞如how, whether, what可以引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句,但不能引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。如:
That question whether we need it has not been considered. 我們是否需要它這個(gè)問(wèn)題還沒(méi)有考慮。(同位語(yǔ)從句)
I have no idea what has happened to him. 我不知道他發(fā)生了什么事。(同位語(yǔ)從句)
引導(dǎo)詞that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí),在從句中一般作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)(指物時(shí)還可以用which代替),并且作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)常常省略?that在同位語(yǔ)從句中僅起連接作用,不充當(dāng)任何成分,并且不能省略,也不能用which來(lái)代替。如:
The order that we should send a few people to help the other groups was received yesterday. 我們應(yīng)派幾個(gè)人去幫別的幾個(gè)小組的命令昨天收到了。(同位語(yǔ)從句,是對(duì)order的具體解釋,that雖不作成分,但不能省略。)
The order that we received yesterday was that we should send a few people to help the other groups. 我們昨天收到的命令是我們應(yīng)該派幾個(gè)人去幫助別的幾個(gè)小組。(定語(yǔ)從句,是名詞order的修飾語(yǔ),that在從句中作received的賓語(yǔ),可以省略。)
同位語(yǔ)從句練習(xí)(含答案):
1. The fact ____ she works hard is well known to us all.
A. that B. what C. why D. which
2. The fact ____ he was successful proves his ability.
A. that B. what C. which D. why
3. The news ____ he was kidnapped surprised us greatly.
A. what B. that C. why D. when
4. His suggestion ____ the meeting be delayed was turned down.
A. which B. that C./ D. it
5. I have no idea ____ he will start.
A. when B. that C. what D./
6. I’ve come from the government with a message ____ the meeting won't be held tomorrow.
A. if B. that C. whether D. which
7. The thought ____ he might fail in the exam worried him.
A. when B. which C. what D. that
8. The order ____ the prisoner be set free arrived too late.
A. which B. whether C. that D. what
9. The nurses are trying their best to reduce the patient's fear ____ he would die of the disease.
A. that B. as C. of which D. which
10. He often asked me the question ____ the work was worth doing.
A. whether B. where C. that D. when
11. Along with the letter was his promise ____ he would visit me this coming Christmas.
A. which B. that C. what D. whether
12. The other day, my brother drove his car down the street at ____ I thought was a dangerous speed.
A. as B. which C. what D. that
13. Luckily, we’d brought a road map without ____ we would have lost our way.
A. it B. that C. this D. which
14. There are signs ____ restaurants are becoming more popular with families.
A. that B. which C. in which D. whose
15. We can see the same signs ____ stand out throughout the city.
A. that B. which C. in which D. whose
Keys:
1-5 AABBA 6-10 BDCAA 11-15 BBDAA
復(fù)合句中同位語(yǔ)從句的用法4
。ㄒ唬┒ㄕZ(yǔ)從句解析
定語(yǔ)從句,一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句跟在一名詞或代詞后(先行詞)進(jìn)行修飾限定,就叫做定語(yǔ)從句。在主句中充當(dāng)定語(yǔ)成分。[1]被修飾的詞叫先行詞。定語(yǔ)從句不同于單詞作定語(yǔ)的情況,它通常只能放在被修飾的詞(即先行詞)之后。
定語(yǔ) 從句由關(guān)系詞(關(guān)系代詞、關(guān)系副詞)引導(dǎo),關(guān)系代詞、關(guān)系副詞位于定語(yǔ)從句句首。
定義
關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句
關(guān)系代詞所代替的先行詞是人或物的名詞或代詞,并在句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)等成分。關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ) 從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí),從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的人稱(chēng)和數(shù)要和先行詞保持一致。
1)who, whom,that
這些詞代替的先行詞是人的名詞或代詞,在從句中所起作用如下:
Is he the man who/that wants to see you?
他就是想見(jiàn)你的人嗎?(who/that在從句中作主語(yǔ)) He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.
他就是我昨天見(jiàn)的那個(gè)人。(whom/that在從句中作賓語(yǔ))
2) Whose 用來(lái)指人或物,(只用作定語(yǔ), 若指物,它還可以同of which互換), 例如:
They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人車(chē)壞了,大家都跑過(guò)去幫忙。
Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green. 請(qǐng)遞給我那本綠皮的書(shū)。
3)which, that
它們所代替的先行詞是事物的名詞或代詞,在從句中可作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)等,例如:
A prosperitywhich / thathad never been seen before appears in the countryside. 農(nóng)村出現(xiàn)了前所未 有的繁榮。(which / that在句中作主語(yǔ))
The packagewhich / thatyou are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。(which / that 在句中作賓語(yǔ))
關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句
關(guān)系副詞可代替的先行詞是時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)或理由的名詞,在從句中作狀語(yǔ)。
1)when, where, why
關(guān)系副詞when, where, why的含義相當(dāng)于"介詞+ which"結(jié)構(gòu),因此常常和"介詞+ which"結(jié)構(gòu)交替使用,例 如:
There are occasions when (on which) one must yield. 任何人都有不得不屈服的時(shí)候。
Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born.北京是我的出生地。
Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer? 這就是他拒絕我們幫助他的理由嗎?
2)that代替關(guān)系副詞
that可以用于表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、方式、理由的名詞后取代when, where, why和"介詞+ which"引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從 句,在非正式文體中that常被省略(正式文體中不可省略),例如:
His father died the year (that / when / in which) he was born. 他父親在他出生那年逝世了。
He is unlikely to find the place (that / where / in which) he lived forty years ago. 他不大可能找到他四十 年前居住過(guò)的地方。
判斷關(guān)系代詞與關(guān)系副詞
方法一: 用關(guān)系代詞,還是關(guān)系副詞完全取決于從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。及物動(dòng)詞后面無(wú)賓語(yǔ),就必須要 求用關(guān)系代詞。例如:
。ㄥe(cuò)) This is the mountain village where I visited last year.
。ㄥe(cuò)) I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside.
。▽(duì)) This is the mountain village (which) I visited last year.
(對(duì)) I'll never forget the days (which) I spent in the countryside.
習(xí)慣上總把表地點(diǎn)或時(shí)間的名詞與關(guān)系副詞 where, when聯(lián)系在一起。此兩題錯(cuò)在關(guān)系詞的誤用上。
方法二: 準(zhǔn)確判斷先行詞在定語(yǔ)從句中的成分(主、謂、賓、定、狀),也能正確選擇出關(guān)系代詞/關(guān)系 副詞.先行詞在從句中作主、定、賓語(yǔ)時(shí),應(yīng)選擇關(guān)系代詞;先行詞在從句中作狀語(yǔ)時(shí),應(yīng)選 擇關(guān)系副詞。
例如:(對(duì))Is this the museum which you visited a few days ago?
(對(duì))Is this the museum where the exhibition was held?
從句結(jié)構(gòu)
定語(yǔ)從句公式
定語(yǔ)從句=先行詞+關(guān)系詞+從句
先行詞
指被定語(yǔ)從句修飾的名詞、代詞或句子。
一般先行詞出現(xiàn)在定語(yǔ)從句的前面。
關(guān)系詞
關(guān)系詞常有3個(gè)作用:
①連接作用,連接主句和定語(yǔ)從句。
、谥复刃性~。
、墼诙ㄕZ(yǔ)從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)成分。
注:關(guān)系代詞有主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)之分。一般who做主語(yǔ)或其賓格形式的whom做賓語(yǔ)(whom作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可省略),whose作為定語(yǔ)(whose不可省略)。關(guān)系代詞在從句中作主語(yǔ),賓語(yǔ),定語(yǔ)等,關(guān)系副詞在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)(where),時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)(when),原因狀語(yǔ)(why)。
定語(yǔ)
定語(yǔ)用來(lái)限定、修飾名詞或代詞,是對(duì)名詞或代詞起修飾、限定作用的詞、短語(yǔ)(動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)、動(dòng)名詞表示的)漢語(yǔ)中常用“……的”表示。主要由形容詞擔(dān)任,此外,名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、分詞、副詞、不定式以及介詞短語(yǔ)也可以來(lái)?yè)?dān)任,也可以由一個(gè)句子來(lái)?yè)?dān)任。單詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)通常放在它所修飾的詞之前,作前置定語(yǔ)。短語(yǔ)、從句作定語(yǔ)時(shí)則放在所修飾的詞之后,作后置定語(yǔ)。
被定語(yǔ)從句修飾的名詞、代詞稱(chēng)為先行詞。如“the girl”,“the book”
如:She is the girl who likes singing. 她就是那個(gè)喜歡唱歌的女孩。
這就是一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句。
。ǘ┩徽Z(yǔ)從句解析
同位語(yǔ)從句指的是在復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)同位語(yǔ)的從句,屬于名詞性從句的范疇,同位語(yǔ)從句用來(lái)對(duì)其前面的抽象名詞進(jìn)行解釋說(shuō)明,被解釋說(shuō)明的詞和同位語(yǔ)在邏輯上是主表關(guān)系。
用法
一個(gè)名詞(或其它形式)對(duì)另一個(gè)名詞或代詞進(jìn)行修飾,限定或說(shuō)明,這個(gè)名詞(或其它形式)就是同位語(yǔ)。
同位語(yǔ)與被它限定的詞的`格式要一致,并常常緊挨在一起。
同位語(yǔ)從句即重復(fù)說(shuō)明同一個(gè)稱(chēng)謂或事件的從句。
名詞作同位語(yǔ)
Mr Wang,my child’s teacher,will be visiting us on Tuesday.
王先生,我孩子的老師,星期二要來(lái)看我們。
。ㄔ谶@里'my child's teacher'做同位語(yǔ)修飾'Mr Wang')
短語(yǔ)作同位語(yǔ)
I,the oldest girl in the family,always had to care for the other children.
我,作為家里最大的女孩,總是要照料家中的其他孩子。
直接引語(yǔ)作同位語(yǔ)
But now the question comes to their minds,“Did she die young because she was a clone?”
但是現(xiàn)在他們不得不思考這樣的問(wèn)題:“多莉早死是因?yàn)樗且恢豢寺⊙騿??/p>
句子作同位語(yǔ)
The girls were surprised at the fact that ocean ships can sail up the Great lakes.
巨大的海輪可以開(kāi)到五大湖,讓表姐妹倆感到吃驚。
固定用法
同位語(yǔ)部分是個(gè)句子,就是同位語(yǔ)從句,這種用法比較"固定"
一、在復(fù)合句中用作同位語(yǔ)的從句叫同位語(yǔ)從句。它一般跟在某些名詞后面,用以說(shuō)明該名詞表示的具體內(nèi)容。
I heard the news that our team had won.
我聽(tīng)到了我們隊(duì)獲勝的消息。
二、可以跟同位語(yǔ)從句的名詞通常有news,idea,fact,promise,question,doubt,thought,hope,message,suggestion,words(消息),possibility,decision等(一般的“抽象”名詞都可用)。
I’ve come from Mr wang with a message that he won’t be able to see you this afternoon.
我從王先生那里來(lái),他讓我告訴你他今天下午不能來(lái)看你了。
三、英語(yǔ)中引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句的詞通常有連詞that,whether,連接代詞what,who。連接副詞how,when,where等。(注:if不能引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句。)
He must answer the question whether he agrees with it or not.
他必須回答他是否同意這樣一個(gè)問(wèn)題。
四、有時(shí)同位語(yǔ)從句可以不緊跟在說(shuō)明的名詞后面,而被別的詞隔開(kāi)。
The thought came to him that maybe the enemy had fled the city.
他突然想起敵人可能已經(jīng)逃出城了。
復(fù)合句中同位語(yǔ)從句的用法5
同位語(yǔ)從句和定語(yǔ)從句從表面來(lái)看十分相似,但實(shí)質(zhì)上是截然不同的兩種從句:
(1)同位語(yǔ)從句所修飾的詞是有限的一些抽象名詞,而定語(yǔ)從句就沒(méi)有這種限制。 同位語(yǔ)從句經(jīng)常用于下列有限的幾個(gè)詞后: hope(希望),idea(想法), news(消息), order(命令), fact(事實(shí)), question(問(wèn)題),reason(理由),belief(相信),doubt(懷疑),evidence(根據(jù)),conclusion(結(jié)論),truth(真理),result(結(jié)果)等。
(2)句法的功能不同。
同位語(yǔ)從句同它所修飾的名詞在內(nèi)容上是等同關(guān)系,在句中的語(yǔ)法作用處于同等地位。而定語(yǔ)從句說(shuō)明前一名詞的性質(zhì)、特征,對(duì)先行詞進(jìn)行修飾、限制,是先行詞不可缺少的定語(yǔ)。
(3)引導(dǎo)詞that在同位語(yǔ)從句中不作句子成分;而在定語(yǔ)從句中必作句子成分,是從句所修飾的詞的替代詞。試比較:
The fact that the Chinese people invented the compass is known to all.中國(guó)人發(fā)明指南針這個(gè)事實(shí)是眾所周知的。(同位語(yǔ)從句)
The fact that we talked about is very important.我們談?wù)摰?這個(gè)事實(shí)很重要。(定語(yǔ)從句)
如何區(qū)別同位語(yǔ)從句和定語(yǔ)從句
同位語(yǔ)從句和定語(yǔ)從句在形式上基本相同,都是跟在名詞或代詞之后,且又常由that引導(dǎo)。但它們的句法的功能卻是不同的,我們可以從三個(gè)方面來(lái)加以區(qū)別。
(1)根據(jù)that來(lái)區(qū)別。引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的that是關(guān)系代詞,除了起連接主句和從句的作用外,還代替先行詞在從句中充當(dāng)一個(gè)成分。而且這個(gè)that還?梢杂脀hich來(lái)代替。引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句的that是個(gè)連詞,只起連接主句和從句的作用,在從句中不充當(dāng)任何成分,也不能用which來(lái)代替。例如:
The fact that(which) we talked about is very important.我們所談?wù)摰哪莻(gè)事實(shí)很重要。(that在從句中作about的賓語(yǔ))
The fact that he succeeded in the experiment pleased everybody.他實(shí)驗(yàn)成功這個(gè)事實(shí)使我們大家很高興。(that只起連接作用)
再如:The news that you heard is true.你聽(tīng)到的消息是真的。(that在從句中作heard的賓語(yǔ))
Here comes the news that some tourists from America will come to our village.消息傳來(lái),說(shuō)一些美國(guó)旅游者要來(lái)我們村。(that只起連接作用)
(2)根據(jù)先行詞來(lái)區(qū)別。
定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞可以是人,也可以是具體事物或抽象概念。定語(yǔ)從句在復(fù)合同中相當(dāng)于形容詞,對(duì)這些先行詞起修飾、描述或限制的作用。例如:
The moon is a satellite that goes around the earth.月亮是圍繞地球運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)的一顆衛(wèi)星。
The few points that the president stressed in his report are very important.總統(tǒng)在報(bào)告里強(qiáng)調(diào)的幾點(diǎn)確實(shí)很重要。
同位語(yǔ)所進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明的詞則是抽象意義的概念,如:fact,result,discovery,news,hope,reason,proposal,thought等。同位語(yǔ)的作用相當(dāng)于名詞,對(duì)前面的名詞給予補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明或進(jìn)一步解釋。例如:
He has an idea that he can make the scientific instrument in a better way.他想到能用更好的方法制造這種科學(xué)儀器。(從句是idea的具體內(nèi)容)
He expressed the hope that he would come to China a-gain.他表達(dá)了他要再來(lái)中國(guó)的希望。(從句是hope的具體內(nèi)容)
(3)根據(jù)引導(dǎo)詞來(lái)區(qū)別。
如果引導(dǎo)從句的詞為when,where,why或者h(yuǎn)ow,而其前面的名詞又分別表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因或方式方法等意義,則它們?yōu)殛P(guān)系副詞,引導(dǎo)的是定語(yǔ)從句。例如:
I’ll never forget the day when I saw the Great Wall.我永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記我見(jiàn)到長(zhǎng)城的那一天。
This is the room where Lu Xun once lived.這是魯迅曾住過(guò)的屋子。
而這些連接副詞與前面的名詞意義不相關(guān)時(shí),這些詞便是連接副詞,引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句前面的名詞往往也是idea,truth,news等。例如:
The question when we will start the work is not decided.我們何時(shí)開(kāi)始工作的問(wèn)題尚未決定。
You have no idea how worried I was.你不知道我是多么擔(dān)心。
復(fù)合句中同位語(yǔ)從句的用法6
一、意義的不同
同位語(yǔ)從句是用于說(shuō)明所修飾名詞的具體內(nèi)容的,它與被修飾詞語(yǔ)通常可以劃等號(hào);而定語(yǔ)從句是限制所修飾名詞的,它的作用是將所修飾的名詞與其他類(lèi)似的東西區(qū)別開(kāi)來(lái)。如:
We are glad at the news that he will come. 聽(tīng)到他要來(lái)這個(gè)消息我們很高興。(news的內(nèi)容就是that he will come,故that引導(dǎo)的是同位語(yǔ)從句)
We are glad at the news that he told us. 聽(tīng)到他告訴我們的這個(gè)消息我們很高興。(that從句是限制the news的內(nèi)容的,即我們高興只是因?yàn)樗嬖V的這個(gè)news而不是其他的news,故that從句為定語(yǔ)從句)
二、引導(dǎo)詞的不同
what, how, if, whatever 等可引導(dǎo)名詞性從句,但不引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。
三、引導(dǎo)詞的功能上的不同
that引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句時(shí),它不充當(dāng)句子成分,而引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí),它作為關(guān)系代詞,要么充當(dāng)定語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ),要么充當(dāng)定語(yǔ)從句的賓語(yǔ)。如上例 that he told us中的.that就充當(dāng)told的賓語(yǔ)。
四、被修飾詞語(yǔ)的區(qū)別
同位語(yǔ)從句所修飾的名詞比較有限,通常有hope, wish, idea, news, fact, promise, opinion, suggestion, truth等,而定語(yǔ)從句所修飾的名詞則非常廣泛。 另外,when和where 引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí),通常只修飾表示時(shí)間和地點(diǎn)的名詞,而它們引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句時(shí)卻不一定;又如why引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句,它通常只修飾名詞the reason,而它引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句時(shí)則不一定。如:
I have no idea when they will come . 我不知道他們什么時(shí)候來(lái)。(同位語(yǔ)從句)
I’ll never forget the days when I lived there.. 我永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記我住在那兒的日子。(定語(yǔ)從句)
We don’t understand the problem why this is the best choice. 我們不明白這個(gè)問(wèn)題,為什么這是最好的選擇。(同位語(yǔ)從句 )
The reason why he didn’t come to the meeting is that he is ill. 他未能來(lái)開(kāi)會(huì),原因是他生病了。(定語(yǔ)從句)
同位語(yǔ)從句與定語(yǔ)從句的的語(yǔ)法區(qū)別
1.意義的不同同位語(yǔ)從句是用于說(shuō)明所修飾名詞的具體內(nèi)容的,它與被修飾詞語(yǔ)通常可以劃等號(hào);而定語(yǔ)從句是限制所修飾名詞的,它的作用是將所修飾的名詞與其他類(lèi)似的東西區(qū)別開(kāi)來(lái):We are glad at the news that he will come. 聽(tīng)到他要來(lái)這個(gè)消息我們很高興。(news的內(nèi)容就是that he will come,故that引導(dǎo)的是同位語(yǔ)從句)We are glad at the news that he told us. 聽(tīng)到他告訴我們的這個(gè)消息我們很高興。(that從句是限制the news的內(nèi)容的,即我們高興只是因?yàn)樗嬖V的這個(gè)news而不是其他的news,故that從句為定語(yǔ)從句)
2.引導(dǎo)詞的不同what, how, if, whatever 等可引導(dǎo)名詞性從句,但不引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。
3.引導(dǎo)詞的功能上的不同that引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句時(shí),它不充當(dāng)句子成分,而引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí),它作為關(guān)系代詞,要么充當(dāng)定語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ),要么充當(dāng)定語(yǔ)從句的賓語(yǔ)。如上例 that he told us中的that就充當(dāng)told的賓語(yǔ)。
4.被修飾詞語(yǔ)的區(qū)別同位語(yǔ)從句所修飾的名詞比較有限,通常有hope, wish, idea, news, fact, promise, opinion, suggestion, truth等,而定語(yǔ)從句所修飾的名詞則非常廣泛。 另外,when和where 引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí),通常只修飾表示時(shí)間和地點(diǎn)的名詞,而它們引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句時(shí)卻不一定;又如why引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句,它通常只修飾名詞the reason,而它引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句時(shí)則不一定:I have no idea when they will come . 我不知道他們什么時(shí)候來(lái)。(同位語(yǔ)從句)I’ll never forget the days when I lived there. 我永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記我住在那兒的日子。(定語(yǔ)從句)
復(fù)合句中同位語(yǔ)從句的用法7
之所以會(huì)有該兩者直接比較的出現(xiàn),在于我們平時(shí)做題的過(guò)程中或多或少的出現(xiàn)過(guò)同位語(yǔ)與定語(yǔ)從句混淆的情況。原因在哪里呢?大部分情況在于that。
1.從that的.不同來(lái)分析(注意比較)
1.1當(dāng)that作為關(guān)系代詞時(shí),引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句,在句子中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ),賓語(yǔ)等相應(yīng)成分。并且充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)還可以省略。
A.I almost have no magic imagination that this fiction brought to me.
我?guī)缀鯖](méi)有這部小說(shuō)帶給我的奇幻想象。(that在從句中作brought的賓語(yǔ),充當(dāng)成分,不能省略)
B.At the first day, I booked a kind of magazine that Tom had recommended to me.
在第一天,我預(yù)定了一種湯姆推薦給我的雜志。(that 充當(dāng)從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ),代替magazine)
1.2當(dāng)that引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句時(shí),作為連詞的作用,也就是說(shuō)沒(méi)有實(shí)際意義,當(dāng)然了連詞是不可以省略的。
A.The entertainment news came to me that two film stars hadbecome couples.
我得知了這則娛樂(lè)新聞,兩個(gè)電影明星成為了情侶。(該句中的that沒(méi)有實(shí)際意義,不充當(dāng)成分)
B.The fact can`t be accepted by the fans that we lost the swimming game .
這個(gè)事實(shí)不能被粉絲所接受,我們輸?shù)袅擞斡颈荣。(that作為連詞)
2.根據(jù)一些名詞來(lái)判斷
A.The information that he will come back home is surprising.
他要回家的消息是令人驚訝的.(information這類(lèi)詞)
B.I got an idea that you were no there.
我察覺(jué)到了你沒(méi)有在那兒。
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