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alt="幼兒園大班學(xué)習(xí)活動德沃夫爺爺?shù)纳中∥萁贪?/></p><p>　　初讀繪本《德沃夫爺爺?shù)纳中∥荨罚梢灾庇^地感受到其中的教學(xué)素材點(diǎn)“千頭萬緒”“多姿多彩”：可以感悟人與動物的友好相處，感受集體智慧多、人多力量大；也可以進(jìn)一步認(rèn)識動物的不同特征；還可以了解有眺望臺的建筑物、設(shè)計房屋的步驟(設(shè)計圖紙、制作模型、動工興建)……這些都可以開發(fā)幼兒的智力，發(fā)展幼兒的審美意識、社會性等。再次細(xì)細(xì)品味作品，故事的開場白“在一片樹林里，住著一位脾氣很壞、手藝卻很棒的小矮人：德沃夫爺爺”，非常形象、直觀地把德沃夫爺爺?shù)娜宋锾卣鱾鬟f給了讀者：這是一個有手藝、個性倔強(qiáng)的爺爺，這為作品最后爺爺堅(jiān)持不懈、實(shí)現(xiàn)心愿埋下了伏筆。接著，爺爺又在自言自語：“這個又狹窄又陰暗的洞穴我可是住夠了!我要在一個有眺望臺的新房子里生活，從這里看風(fēng)景，一定會很開心�！彪m然爺爺沒有提及“心愿”兩個字，但是作品從開始就毋庸置疑地告訴讀者，德沃夫爺爺?shù)男脑妇褪牵阂谝粋€有眺望臺的新房子里生活。于是從圍繞“心愿”的產(chǎn)生到如何實(shí)現(xiàn)“心愿”，展開了故事情節(jié)，最后德沃夫爺爺為了實(shí)現(xiàn)“心愿”又開始努力……作品通篇沒有出現(xiàn)“心愿”兩個字，但我認(rèn)為這是一條“串聯(lián)”整個作品的關(guān)鍵線索，也是這個故事的靈魂主線。</p><p>　　從解讀作品到分析幼兒，對面臨即將上小學(xué)的大班幼兒而言，我覺得不僅應(yīng)該鼓勵幼兒要有自己的心愿，更要懂得心愿需要通過一番努力才有可能實(shí)現(xiàn)。實(shí)現(xiàn)心愿有助于幫助幼兒體驗(yàn)成功的快樂，增強(qiáng)其自尊心、自信心以及發(fā)展自我認(rèn)同感。當(dāng)然，從辯證的角度思考，有時候雖然努力去做了，但也有可能實(shí)現(xiàn)不了，那就需要以平常心對待。如果不能實(shí)現(xiàn)心愿，也可以培養(yǎng)幼兒的抗挫力，發(fā)展幼兒良好的個性、積極的生活態(tài)度以及適應(yīng)社會生活的能力。我以為這才是這個故事對大班幼兒未來發(fā)展的“最近的價值”和“最大的價值”，也是本次教學(xué)的重點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn)。</p><p>　　基于上述思考，我設(shè)計了本次學(xué)習(xí)活動，確立了活動的主要目標(biāo)(顯性目標(biāo))。</p><p>　　為了激發(fā)幼兒學(xué)習(xí)的主動性，讓幼兒更多地感知體驗(yàn)、積極思考、分享交流、主動表達(dá)，首先，我在教學(xué)中采用了“分段講述”的方法，引導(dǎo)幼兒對作品內(nèi)容進(jìn)行分析理解、判斷推測，以調(diào)動幼兒思維的積極性和主動性。其次，依據(jù)思維轉(zhuǎn)折點(diǎn)，有目的地讓幼兒由傾聽進(jìn)入討論，在作品情境中打開思維的“閘門”，猜想故事情節(jié)的發(fā)展，鼓勵幼兒與同伴一起討論問題，在集體面前大膽表達(dá)自己的觀點(diǎn)，隨后再由“發(fā)散思維”到“集中思維”，繼續(xù)傾聽故事。再次，依據(jù)幼兒的認(rèn)知心理特點(diǎn)，活動從了解爺爺心愿→猜測心愿是否能實(shí)現(xiàn)→感知實(shí)現(xiàn)心愿中遇到的問題→討論是否要實(shí)現(xiàn)心愿→體驗(yàn)實(shí)現(xiàn)心愿的快樂，層層遞進(jìn)，因此，本次活動中的“講述停頓點(diǎn)”“問題討論點(diǎn)”都是圍繞“心愿”步步深入而設(shè)計的，為的是讓幼兒能充分體驗(yàn)、積極思考、大膽表達(dá)，推進(jìn)目標(biāo)的達(dá)成。</p><p>　　<strong>活動目標(biāo)</strong></p><p>　　1．感受故事中的美好情感，初步感悟?qū)崿F(xiàn)心愿需要不斷努力。</p><p>　　2．隨著故事情節(jié)的展開，積極思考，大膽、清楚地表達(dá)自己的想法。</p><p>　　<strong>活動準(zhǔn)備</strong></p><p>　　1．前期經(jīng)驗(yàn)：對動物有一定的認(rèn)識，有成為小學(xué)生的積極心愿。</p><p>　　2．材料準(zhǔn)備：配樂故事PPT。</p><p>　　<strong>活動過程</strong></p><p>　　一、介紹故事名稱，引起好奇心理</p><p>　　二、主要插問：</p><p>　　(一)(出示故事書)我們一起來看看故事書的封面，故事叫什么名字(感知文字)?</p><p>　　(二)看了這個故事的名字，猜猜故事里會講些什么事(觀察想象)?</p><p>　　【設(shè)計意圖：這個環(huán)節(jié)意在讓幼兒通過認(rèn)讀故事名稱、認(rèn)識角色、猜測故事內(nèi)容，產(chǎn)生學(xué)習(xí)的興趣，并獲得語言、思維、想象能力的鍛煉�！�</p><p>　　二、聽聽、議議故事，理解角色心理</p><p>　　(一)“造房子”的內(nèi)容：</p><p>　　主要插問：</p><p>　　1．德沃夫爺爺?shù)男脑甘鞘裁?想造一間有眺望臺的森林小屋，眺望臺就好像陽臺一樣，是可以看到遠(yuǎn)處風(fēng)景的亭子)?你認(rèn)為爺爺能實(shí)現(xiàn)自己的心愿嗎(大膽猜測)?</p><p>　　2．大熊向德沃夫爺爺提出什么要求?你們認(rèn)為德沃夫爺爺會答應(yīng)嗎?如果是你，你會愿意嗎(敢于表達(dá))?</p><p>　　3．樹上的猴子們會對德沃夫爺爺說什么呢(遷移經(jīng)驗(yàn))?</p><p>　　4．德沃夫爺爺愿意讓這么多小動物和自己一起住嗎?為什么(分析判斷)?</p><p>　　【設(shè)計意圖：這個環(huán)節(jié)意在讓幼兒了解爺爺?shù)男脑�，感受爺爺造房子的辛苦與艱難，初步感受動物與爺爺互幫互助、互利互惠的情節(jié)與心理變化，體驗(yàn)故事角色的情感變化，促進(jìn)幼兒的社會性和語言表達(dá)能力的發(fā)展�！�</p><p>　　(二)“德沃夫爺爺受傷”的內(nèi)容：</p><p>　　主要插問：</p><p>　　德沃夫爺爺受傷了，動物們會對德沃夫爺爺說什么(體驗(yàn)表達(dá))?</p><p>　　【設(shè)計意圖：這個環(huán)節(jié)意在讓幼兒學(xué)會換位思考，感受故事中動物關(guān)心爺爺、照顧爺爺?shù)纳屏贾暮兔篮们楦�，以及運(yùn)用各種不同的安慰語來進(jìn)行表達(dá)。】</p><p>　　(三)“新屋造成”的內(nèi)容：</p><p>　　主要插問：</p><p>　　1．森林小屋終于建成啦，看看小動物們在干什么(觀察描述)?</p><p>　　2．德沃夫爺爺現(xiàn)在快樂嗎?為什么快樂(自主表達(dá))?</p><p>　　3．現(xiàn)在，德沃夫爺爺?shù)男∥葑兂闪耸裁礃幼?學(xué)習(xí)表達(dá))?</p><p>　　【設(shè)計意圖：這個環(huán)節(jié)意在讓幼兒隨著情節(jié)的發(fā)展，仔細(xì)觀察畫面，積極表達(dá)，從中感受動物們和爺爺齊心協(xié)力建成森林小屋、共同居住生活的成功喜悅。同時，進(jìn)一步感悟人與動物和諧相處的美好情感，學(xué)習(xí)語言表述�！�</p><p>　　(四)“實(shí)現(xiàn)心愿”的內(nèi)容：</p><p>　　主要插問：</p><p>　　1．到了晚上，德沃夫爺爺又在想什么呢(記憶再現(xiàn))?</p><p>　　2．德沃夫爺爺?shù)男脑甘鞘裁?德沃夫爺爺?shù)男脑笇?shí)現(xiàn)了嗎(回憶理解)?</p><p>　　3．你認(rèn)為德沃夫爺爺要不要繼續(xù)努力實(shí)現(xiàn)心愿?還是放棄心愿(自主表達(dá))?</p><p>　　【設(shè)計意圖：這個環(huán)節(jié)意將幼兒思緒再次引回“心愿”，回到教學(xué)目標(biāo)。通過“選擇性”問題的討論，鼓勵幼兒大膽、清楚地表達(dá)自己“與眾不同”的想法。通過討論，使幼兒初步懂得人的'心愿需要努力去實(shí)現(xiàn)，如果努力了還是不能實(shí)現(xiàn)那就可以選擇放棄，以養(yǎng)成幼兒積極、樂觀的生活態(tài)度。】</p><p>　　三、說說自己的心愿，感悟?qū)崿F(xiàn)心愿需要不斷努力</p><p>　　(一)最后，德沃夫爺爺?shù)男脑笇?shí)現(xiàn)了嗎?是怎樣實(shí)現(xiàn)的(理解歸納)?</p><p>　　(二)德沃夫爺爺說，我的心愿實(shí)現(xiàn)了，小朋友你有自己的心愿嗎(自信表達(dá))?</p><p>　　(三)結(jié)束語：有心愿是非常美好的事情，為了實(shí)現(xiàn)自己的心愿，我們要像德沃夫爺爺一樣，努力去實(shí)現(xiàn)……</p><p>　　【設(shè)計意圖：這個環(huán)節(jié)意在將文學(xué)作品的教育價值“著地”，回歸幼兒的實(shí)際生活，鼓勵幼兒產(chǎn)生美好的心愿，樂于將自己的心愿大膽地表達(dá)出來，并懂得要實(shí)現(xiàn)自己的心愿需要不斷努力。】</p><p>　　附故事簡述：德沃夫爺爺?shù)纳中∥?/p><p>　　在一片樹林里，住著一位脾氣很壞、手藝卻很棒的小矮人：德沃夫爺爺。</p><p>　　德沃夫爺爺想住在一個有眺望臺的新房子里。于是，他設(shè)計圖紙、制作模型、開始建造他的森林小屋�？墒�，木材好重啊，德沃夫爺爺怎么都搬不動。這時，森林里的大熊、猴子、野豬、小松鼠、野兔……好多動物們都來幫忙，不過它們都想要一間自己的房間。</p><p>　　德沃夫爺爺看見這么多動物要房間，心里有點(diǎn)著急，一腳踩空從房子的上面摔了下來。德沃夫爺爺?shù)耐仁軅耍瑒游飩冏尃敔斕芍B(yǎng)傷，安慰爺爺，并繼續(xù)造房子……大家相互幫助、齊心協(xié)力，森林小屋終于建好啦!大家一起快樂地歌唱、跳舞、游戲……</p><p>　　德沃夫爺爺和動物們在一起愉快地生活。動物們都很關(guān)心德沃夫爺爺，在動物們的照顧下，德沃夫爺爺?shù)耐葌K于好了。</p><p>　　有一天，德沃夫爺爺想：原本想造一個有眺望臺的新房子，現(xiàn)在還要不要繼續(xù)造呢……</p> 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