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高考英語語法情態(tài)動詞知識講解
1.情態(tài)動詞 + have done sth
這個結(jié)構(gòu)有著特殊意義：用來表示猜測（設(shè)想可能發(fā)生過什么事情）或
想象（設(shè)想可能出現(xiàn)過什么不同的情況）
①should (ought to) have done sth 本來該做而未做
This wall oughtnt to have been painted blue.
�、趎eed have done sth 本來有必要做而未做
You neednt have told her the news.
�、踡ust have done sth 對過去所做動作的肯定推測
---We went to Paris.
---That must have been nice.
④can have done sth 對過去所做動作的否定或疑問推測
I dont think he can have heard you. Call again.
Where can John have put the matches?
�、輒ay (might) have done sth 過去可能發(fā)生某事，與could相比，may和 might可能性較小，might 可能性更�。籱ight 也可表示過去可能發(fā)生而未發(fā)生的事情。
Pollys very late----she may (might) have missed her etrain.
You were stupid to try climbing there. You might have killed youself
�、辌ould have done sth
●推測過去”可能“發(fā)生某事 （同can, 但can不用肯定句）
She could have gone off with some friends.
●表示過去沒有實現(xiàn)的可能性：某事可能發(fā)生，但卻沒有發(fā)生
You were stupid to go skiing there----you could have broken your leg.
●表示有能力做而未做（虛擬語氣）
You could have helped me !
(You were able to help me, but you didn’t.)
2、can could be able to 表示”能力“
●can 通常表示現(xiàn)在的或”一般的能力“---即你無論什么時候想做就能
做到的能力, 指單純的表示一個人有某種能力。
You cacertainly cook, even if you can’t do anything else.
●be able to表示某人通過努力、克服困難做成某事。
will be able to 表示將來的能力
I’ll be able to speak German in another few months.
●could 表達 ”一般的能力“---即你過去想干什么就可以干什么
She could sing like an angel when she was a kid.
但could 不能表達過去某種具體的能力，此時用was able to, managed to 或 succeeded in 等
How many eggs were you able to get ?
3、can, could, may和might 表示”可能性
●可用來表示：①理論上的可能性（不涉及是否真發(fā)生）；②提出建議
（提出解決某個問題的可能辦法或者采取的行動）；③在問句或否定句中表達現(xiàn)在的可能性）
Anybody who wants to can become a prison visitor.
�、�---What shall we do ?
---We can try asking Lucy for help. ②
Who can that be at the door ? Can it be Polly? ③
●may 可用來表達：①將來的可能性；②說話時某事可能是真實的
We may go climbing this summer. ①
You may be right. ②
●could / might 可用來表示： ①說話時某事可能是真實的；②將來
某事有可能發(fā)生，但不表示特別可能發(fā)生。
You could be right, but I don’t think you are. ①
It could rain later on this evening. ②
4、can,could,may和might表示“允許” ①請求允許：它們都可以表示請求允許做某事,could 和 might并不是表示過去
Can (May, Could) I borrow your umbrella ?
②允許：當(dāng)我們允許某人做某事時，我們用can和may來表達，而不能使用could和might
You may / can watch TV for as long as you like. (不用could, might; mustn’t 有“拒絕”的意思）
---Could I use your phone?
---Yes, of course you can /may. (No, you can’t / may not.)
5、can和could表示提議和請求 它們常用來提議為某人做某事或請求別人做某事，could更客氣，更
含尊敬的成分，這種用法常見于陳述句和疑問句中
①提議：
Can I carry your bag ?
I could / can do the shopping for you, if you’re tired.
�、谡埱蠛兔睿�
Could / Can you help me with this letter?
You can / could start by cleaning the car.
6、情態(tài)動詞will ①預(yù)測未來（第一人稱用shall)，或發(fā)布命令
---There’s someone coming up the stairs.
---That’ll be Mary.
You’ll start work at six o’clock.
�、谧栽概c意向
●I will (不用 I shall) 表示自愿做某事，或主動提出做某事，或表達堅定的意圖
---Can somebody help me ?
--- I will.
I’ll break your neck.
●will you常用來提出要求或下命令，或提出請求
Will you come this way, please?
Will you have some more wine ?
●用won’t表示拒絕
No, I won’t !
She won’t open the door.
7、shall
用于第一人稱，表示征求對方的意見(說話人做某事)。
用于第一、第三人稱疑問句中，表示說話人征求對方的意見或向?qū)Ψ秸埵尽?/p>
用于第二、第三人稱，表示說話人給對方的命令、警告、允諾或威脅。
8、常用情態(tài)動詞的回答 ①---Must we hand in our plan ?
---Yes, you must. (No, you needn’t.)
②---Need I come ?
---Yes, you must. (No, you needn’t.)
�、�---May I smoke here ?
---Yes, please. (Certainly. / Yes, you may. )
(No, you mustn’t. / may not. / Please don’t.)
�、�---Could / Can I offer you some coffee ? (提議)
(---Will / Would you have some coffee ?)
---Yes, please. / Yes, I’d like some ,please. (不用Yes, you can.)
(No, thank you.) (不用No, you can’t.)
�、�---Could / Can / Would / Will you (please) open the door ?(請求)
---Yes, of course (I will). (No, I’m afraid I can’t.)
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