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英語寫作常見錯誤:不一致與詞性誤用
在日常生活中,英語的用法是很廣泛的,我們非常有必要知道相關(guān)單詞或短語詳細的中文意思。以下是小編為大家整理了英語寫作常見錯誤:不一致與詞性誤用,一起來看看吧!
英語寫作常見錯誤:不一致與詞性誤用 篇1
一、不一致(Disagreements)
所謂不一致不光指主謂不一致,它還包括了數(shù)的不一致 時態(tài)不一致及代詞不一 致等。
例1.When one have money ,he can do what he want to .
(人一旦有了錢,他就能想干什么就干什么.)
剖析:one是單數(shù)第三人稱,因而本句的have應改為has ;同理,want應改為wants.本句是典型的主謂不一致。
改為:Once one has money ,he can do what he wants (to do)
二、修飾語錯位(Misplaced Modifiers)
英語與漢語不同,同一個修飾語置于句子不同的位置,句子的含義可能引起變化.對于這一點中國學生往往沒有引起足夠的重視,因而造成了不必要的誤解。
例1.I believe I can do it well and I will better know the world outside the campus.
剖析:better位置不當,應置于句末.
三、句子不完整(Sentence Fragments)
在口語中,交際雙方可借助手勢語氣上下文等,不完整的句子完全可以被理解.可是書面語就不同了,句子結(jié)構(gòu)不完整會令意思表達不清,這種情況常常發(fā)生在主句寫完以后,筆者又想加些補充說明時發(fā)生。
例1.There are many ways to know the society. For example by TV ,radio ,newspaper and so on .
剖析:本句后半部分"for example by TV ,radio ,newspaper and so on .”不是一個完整的句子,僅為一些不連貫的詞語,不能獨立成句.
改為:There are many ways to know society ,for example ,by TV ,radio ,and newspaper.
四、懸垂修飾語(Dangling Modifiers)
所謂懸垂修飾語是指句首的短語與后面句子的邏輯關(guān)系混亂不清。
例1.At the age of ten, my grandfather died.
剖析:這句中"at the age of ten"只點出十歲時,但沒有說明” 誰”十歲時.按一般推理不可能是my grandfather, 如果我們把這個懸垂修飾語改明確一點,全句就不那么費解了。
改為:When I was ten, my grandfather died.
例2.To do well in college, good grades are essential.
剖析:句中不定式短語 “to do well in college” 的邏輯主語不清楚。
改為:To do well in college, a student needs good grades.
五、詞性誤用(Misuse of Parts of Speech)
“詞性誤用”常表現(xiàn)為:介詞當動詞用;形容詞當副詞用;名詞當動詞用等。
例1.None can negative the importance of money.
剖析:negative 系形容詞,誤作動詞。
改為:None can deny the importance of money.
六、指代不清(Ambiguous Reference of Pronouns)
指代不清主要講的是代詞與被指代的人或物關(guān)系不清,或者先后所用的代詞不一致。
例1.Mary was friendly to my sister because she wanted her to be her bridesmaid.(瑪麗和我姐姐很要好,因為她要她做她的伴娘。)
剖析:讀完上面這一句話,讀者無法明確地判斷兩位姑娘中誰將結(jié)婚,誰將當伴娘。如果我們把易于引起誤解的代詞的`所指對象加以明確,意思就一目了然了。
改為:Mary was friendly to my sister because she wanted my sister to be her bridesmaid.
例2.And we can also know the society by serving it yourself.
剖析:句中人稱代詞we 和反身代詞yourself指代不一致。
改為:We can also know society by serving it ourselves.
七、不間斷句子(Run-on Sentences)
什么叫run-on sentence?請看下面的例句。
例1.There are many ways we get to know the outside world.
剖析:這個句子包含了兩層完整的意思:“There are many ways.” 以及“We get to know the outside world.”。簡單地把它們連在一起就不妥當了。
改為:There are many ways for us to learn about the outside world.
或:There are many ways through which we can become acquainted with the outside world
八、措詞毛病(Troubles in Diction)
Diction 是指在特定的句子中如何適當?shù)剡x用詞語的問題,囿于教學時間緊迫,教師平時在這方面花的時間往往極其有限,影響了學生在寫作中沒有養(yǎng)成良好的推敲,斟酌的習慣。他們往往隨心所欲,拿來就用。所以作文中用詞不當?shù)腻e誤比比皆是。
例1.The increasing use of chemical obstacles in agriculture also makes pollution.(農(nóng)業(yè)方面化學物質(zhì)使用的不斷增加也造成了污染。)
剖析:顯然,考生把obstacles“障礙”,“障礙物”誤作substance“物質(zhì)”了。另外“the increasing use (不斷增加的使用)” 應改為“abusive use (濫用)”。
改為:The abusive use of chemical substances in agriculture also causes/leads to pollution.
九、累贅(Redundancy)
言以簡潔為貴。寫句子沒有一個多余的詞;寫段落沒有一個無必要的句子。能用單詞的不用詞組;能用詞組的不用從句或句子。
例1.In spite of the fact that he is lazy, I like him.
剖析:本句的“the fact that he is lazy”系同謂語從句,我們按照上述“能用詞組的不用從句”
改為:In spite of his laziness, I like him.
例2.For the people who are diligent and kind, money is just the thing to be used to buy the thing they need.
剖析:整個句子可以大大簡化。
改為:Diligent, caring people use money only to buy what they need.
十、不連貫(Incoherence)
不連貫是指一個句子前言不對后語,或是結(jié)構(gòu)上不暢通。這也是考生常犯的毛病。
例1.The fresh water, it is the most important things of the earth.
剖析:The fresh water 與逗號后的it 不連貫。It 與things 在數(shù)方面不一致。
改為:Fresh water is the most important thing in the world.
十一、綜合性語言錯誤(Comprehensive Misusage)
所謂“綜合性語言錯誤”,是指除了上述十種錯誤以外,還有諸如時態(tài),語態(tài),標點符號,大小寫等方面的錯誤
英語寫作常見錯誤:不一致與詞性誤用 篇2
1.詞匯搭配不當,如:
問題句:I can introduce our country for foreigners in English.
修改句:I can introduce our country to foreigners in English.
對策:平時熟記高頻單詞、固定搭配,考試時,在運用某個單詞或者短語時,慎重考慮這個
單詞或短語與其它內(nèi)容是否搭配。
2.詞性中的張冠李戴
× My English is very well.
√ My English is very good.
× I want to make friends with students from others country.
√ I want to make friends with students from other countries.
對策:平時記單詞時除了詞義,還要識記其詞性、名詞的可數(shù)性與不可數(shù)性、動詞的延續(xù)性與非延續(xù)性、及物與不及物等。寫作時,如果對所寫單詞的詞性沒有把握,可換用其它單詞。時態(tài)錯誤
大部分考生段首句子的時態(tài)還正確,但段中就開始出錯,或者前半句時態(tài)還正確,后半句就錯了。因為這部分考生對各種時態(tài)的用法以及什么樣的`文體該用什么時態(tài)還弄不清。如:
× I'd be grateful if you accepted me as a member of your camp.
√ I'd be grateful if you accept me as a member of your camp.
× I was told that he has been looking for a new job all through the summer.
√ I was told that he had been looking for a new job all through the summer.
對策:弄清各種文體對應的時態(tài),如日記應該用過去時態(tài),通知用將來時態(tài),發(fā)表觀點類的文章及圖表作文用現(xiàn)在時態(tài),書信根據(jù)需要可以交叉使用現(xiàn)在時態(tài)、將來時態(tài)和過去時態(tài)。寫完后還要認真檢查,看一下時態(tài)呼應一致方面是否出現(xiàn)了錯誤。
英語寫作常見錯誤:不一致與詞性誤用 篇3
1.句子結(jié)構(gòu)不完整
閱卷發(fā)現(xiàn):句子結(jié)構(gòu)不完整的情況常出現(xiàn)在定語從句以及需要跟雙賓語的動詞結(jié)構(gòu)中。
× I'd like to communicate with students come from foreign countries.
√ I'd like to communicate with students who come from different countries.
√ I'd like to communicate with students from different countries.
× I can tell the foreign students about China.
剖析:
"告訴某人某物"為tell sb sth 。
√ I can tell the foreign students something about China.
對策:掌握好主謂、主謂賓、主系表、主謂雙賓、主謂賓補五種基本句型和there be結(jié)構(gòu)。通過翻譯、改錯、改寫、轉(zhuǎn)換句型等將句法結(jié)構(gòu)內(nèi)化,要有意識地經(jīng)常運用已糾正的常錯句型,注意句子結(jié)構(gòu)的完整性。
2.懸垂修飾語現(xiàn)象
懸垂修飾語是指句首的短語或修飾語與后面句子的邏輯關(guān)系混亂不清。分詞、不定式、動名詞和省略句作為修飾語時考生受漢語影響常會出現(xiàn)懸垂現(xiàn)象。
× In order to help us learn English well, a foreign teacher will be hired.
√ In order to help us learn English well, our school will hire a foreign teacher.
× At the age of 19,my sister left hometown for Harvard University.
√ When my sister was 19, she left hometown for Harvard University.
√ When Iwas19, my sister left hometown for Harvard University.
對策:使用非謂語動詞和省略句作為修飾語時,要注意使它們的邏輯主語與句子的主語保持一致(獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)除外)。運用短語作從句時,要記住短語所表達的'內(nèi)容不得與后面主句所描述的內(nèi)容有所沖突或者造成歧義。
3.漢語式英語,逐字翻譯
比如表達"我對這項活動感興趣,想?yún)⒓印?quot;
× I'm interested in the activity and want to take part in.
√ I'm interested in the activity and want to take part in it.
表達"公園里有一則告示,上面寫道:
'注意安全,道路光滑。'"
× There is a notice in the park, writing:
"To take no tice of safe, slippery sideway"
√ There is a notice in the park, saying:
"Watch your step. Slippery sideway."
對策:養(yǎng)成用英語思維進行寫作的習慣,不逐字翻譯題目所列的要求,遇到自己沒有把握的,可換一種方式表達。
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