2016年英語四級語法:部分易混淆代詞比較
一、 none 無
1) none作主語,多與of 構(gòu)成短語 none of。 在答語中,none可單獨(dú)使用。
Are there any pictures on the wall? None.
2) none作主語,謂語動詞單復(fù)數(shù)均可。但如做表語,則其單復(fù)數(shù)與表語一致。
It is none of your business.
二、few 一些,少數(shù)
few 作主語時,謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù),多用于肯定句。
三、some 一些
1) 可與復(fù)數(shù)名詞及不可數(shù)名詞連用。
2) 當(dāng)做"某一"解時,也可與單數(shù)名詞連用。(= a certain)
You will be sorry for this some day.
總有一天,你會后悔這件事的。
A certain (some) person has seen you break the rule.
某些人不同意你的看法。
注意:
(1)在肯定疑問句中用some代替any。
(2)some用于其他句式中:
a. 肯定疑問句中:說話人認(rèn)為對方的答案會是肯定的,或期望得到肯定回答時。
Would you like句式中,表委婉請求或建議,如:
Would you like some coffee?
b. 在條件狀語從句中表示確定的`意義時,如:
If you need some help,let me know.
c. some位于主語部分,
Some students haven't been there before.
d. 當(dāng)否定的是整體中的部分時,some可用于否定句。如:
I haven't heard from some of my old friends these years.
這些年我沒有收到一些老朋友的信。
四、any 一些
1) any 多用于否定句和疑問句和條件狀語從句中。
當(dāng)句中含有任何的意思時,any可用于肯定句。
Here are three novels. You may read any. 這有三本小說,你可任讀一本。
五、one, ones 為復(fù)數(shù)形式
ones必須和形容詞連用。如果替代的名詞時無形容詞在前,則用some, any,而不
用ones。
Have you bought any rulers? Yes,I 've bought some.
anyone/any one;no one/none;every/each
1.anyone 和 any one
anyone僅指人,any one既可指人,也可指物。
2.no one 和none
a) none 后跟of短語,既可指人又可指物,而no one只單獨(dú)使用,只指人。
b) none 作主語,謂語動詞用單,復(fù)數(shù)均可,而no one作主語謂語動詞只能是單數(shù)。
None of you could lift it. 你們中沒有人可舉起它。
---- Did any one call me up just now? --剛才有人打電話給我嗎?
---- No one. --沒有。
3.every 和each
1) every 強(qiáng)調(diào)全體的概念, each強(qiáng)調(diào)個體概念。
Every student in our school works hard. 我們學(xué)校的學(xué)生都很用功。
Each student may have one book.. 每個學(xué)生都可有一本書。
2) every 指三個以上的人或物(含三個),each指兩個以上的人或物 (含兩個)。
3) every 只作形容詞,不可單獨(dú)使用。each可作代詞或形容詞。
Every student has to take one.
Each boy has to take one.
Each of the boys has to take one.
4) every不可以作狀語,each可作狀語。
5) every 有反復(fù)重復(fù)的意思,如 every two weeks等; each沒有。
6) every 與not 連用,表示部分否定; each 和not連用表示全部否定。
Every man is not honest. 并非每個人都誠實(shí)。
Each man is not honest. 這兒每個人都不誠實(shí)。
He is one of the students who help me.
He is the one of the students who helps me.
他是幫我的學(xué)生之一。
第一句定語從句與the students 一致。
第二句定語從句與the one 一致。
many, much
Many,much都意為"許多", many + 可數(shù)名詞,much + 不可數(shù)名詞。
How many people are there at the meeting?
How much time has we left?
Many of the workers were at the meeting.
Much of the time was spent on learning.
few, little, a few, a little
(a) few + 可數(shù)名詞, (a) little + 不可數(shù)名詞
a few / a little 為肯定含義,還有一點(diǎn)
few / little 為否定含義,沒有多少了。
He has a few friends. 他有幾個朋友。
He has few friends. 他幾乎沒有朋友。
We still have a little time. 我們還有點(diǎn)時間。
There is little time left.幾乎沒剩下什么時間了。
典型例題:
Although he 's wealthy,he spends___ on clothes.
A. little B. few C. a little D. a few
答案: A. spend所指的是錢,不可數(shù),只能用little或 a little. 本句為although引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句,由句意知后句為否定含義,因此應(yīng)用little表示幾乎不。
固定搭配:
only a few (=few) not a few (=many) quite a few (=many)
many a (=many)
Many books were sold.
Many a book was sold.
賣出了許多書。
both, either, neither, all, any, none
這些詞都可用作代詞或形容詞。其位置都在be 動詞之后,行為動詞之前或第一助動詞之后。
1) both (兩者都),either(兩者中任何一個), neither (兩者都不)。以上詞使用范圍為兩個人或物。
Neither of the two boys is clever. 兩個男孩都不聰明。
2) both,either
both與復(fù)數(shù)連用,either與單數(shù)連用。
Both the boys are clever. 兩個男孩都很聰明。
Either of the two boys is clever. 兩個男孩都很聰明。
There are flowers on both sides of the street.
(兩岸)
There are flowers on either side of the street.
(岸的兩邊)
路邊長滿了野花。
3) all (所有的,全部的人或物),any (任何一個), none (都不)。 以上詞使用范圍為三者以上。
All the flowers are gone. 所有的花都謝了。
I don't like any of the flowers. 這些花我都不喜歡。
I like none of the flowers. 這些花我都不喜歡。
注意:all與none用法一樣。跟單數(shù)名詞,用單數(shù)動詞;跟復(fù)數(shù)名詞,用復(fù)數(shù)動詞。
All of the students are there.
所有的學(xué)生都在那。
All (of) the milk is there.
所有的牛奶都在那。
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