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過去完成時的被動語態(tài)用法集錦
導(dǎo)語：被動語態(tài)的時態(tài)變化只改變be的形式，過去分詞部分不變。下面是小編為您收集整理的過去完成時的被動語態(tài)用法，希望對您有幫助!
過去完成時由“had + 過去分詞”構(gòu)成，表示在過去某一時刻或某一動作之前發(fā)生的動作或狀態(tài)，句中常用by，before，until，when等詞引導(dǎo)時間狀語。
We had built five new buildings by the end of last year.
過去完成時的被動語態(tài)有以下三種形式：
(1)肯定結(jié)構(gòu)：主語+ had been done +其他成分
(2)否定結(jié)構(gòu)：主語+ had not been done +其他成分
(3)疑問句結(jié)構(gòu)：had +主語+ been done +其他成分;
疑問詞+ had +主語+ been done +其他成分
過去完成時的被動語態(tài)常用于以下情況：
(1)表示過去某一時間以前已經(jīng)完成的動作，常與by, before等引導(dǎo)的時間狀語連用。
By the time he got to the school, the first period had been finished.
The classroom hadn’t been cleaned before the teacher came.
How many buildings had been destroyed when the hurricane ended?
Had the new plan been discussed before the meeting?
(2)在 told, said, knew, heard, thought等動詞之后的賓語從句中，若表示過去某一被動動作時，用過去完成時。
The said the production costs had been reduced.
The boy was reminded that his homework had not been handed in.
The media reported more than 1,000 people had been killed in the earthquake.
(3)根據(jù)語意可以判斷出動作先后的被動語態(tài)，用過去完成時。
As the assignment had been done, he went on to search the Internet.
He did what he had been told to
另：當(dāng)從句由 after，before，when或 as soon as引導(dǎo)時，主句和從句都可以用一般過去時。
When he arrived, he called her.
They locked the door before they left.
相關(guān)知識拓展：過去完成時的構(gòu)成
(1)常用過去完成時的幾種情況：
�、賐y, by the end, by the time, until, before, since后接表示過去某一時刻的短語或從句。
By the end of last year, we had produced 20,000 cars.
The train had left before we reached the station.
�、诒硎疚丛鴮崿F(xiàn)的希望、打算、意圖、諾言等。常用had hoped/ planned/ meant/ intended/ thought/ wanted/ expected等或用上述動詞過去式接不定式完成式表示，即had hoped/ planned/ meant/ intended/ thought/ wanted/ expected to have done。
�、邸皶r間名詞+before”在句子中作狀語，謂語動詞用過去完成時;“時間名詞+ago”在句子中狀語，謂語動詞用一般過去式。
He said his first teacher had died at least 10 years before.
Xiao Hua left school 3 years ago.
�、鼙硎尽耙弧汀钡膸讉�句型：
Hardly/ No sooner/ Scarcely had +主語+過去分詞+when/ than/ before+一般過去時。
We had no sooner been seated than the bus started. = No sooner had we been seated than the bus started.
(2)在before或after引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句中可用一般過去時代替過去完成時。
After he (had) left the room, the boss came in.
We arrived home before it snowed.
過去完成時態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)：
1.肯定句：主語+had+done+others
例句： He had sent the letter.
翻譯：他已經(jīng)把信寄出去了。
2.否定句：主語+had+not+done+others
例句：However,Her father had not brought her birthday presents.
翻譯：然而，她的父親沒有給她帶來生日禮物。
3.疑問句：had+主語+done+others
肯定回答：YES,主語+had/否定回答：NO,主語+ hadn’t
例句：Had Lisa gone to costume ball ?
Yes,she had.\No,she hadn’t.
翻譯：麗莎去化妝舞會了嗎？
是的，她去了。\沒有，她沒去。
4.特殊疑問句：特殊疑問詞+had+主語+done+others
例句：Why had The Castle become a memory of generation?
翻譯：為什么這座城堡會成為一代人的記憶？
5.被動語態(tài)：主語+had（not）been+done+others
例句：At the end of last year,another magic design had been completed.
翻譯：去年年底，另一個神奇的設(shè)計已經(jīng)完成。
過去完成時態(tài)的用法
1.在賓語從句中的運用
例句：Lizzy asked John what the professor had said in class.
翻譯：利茲問約翰教授在課堂上說了什么。
解析：這里“said”的動作在“ask”之前.
2.在定語從句中的運用
例句：Yesterday, I helped an old man who had lost her way.
翻譯：昨天，我?guī)椭艘晃幻月返睦先恕?/p>
解析：who引導(dǎo)的定語從句.
3.在以主語+had done, before/by+過去時間狀語詞組/從句中的運用
例句：Mr.Wanghad attended the conference and delivered a speech before he visited Yorkshire.
翻譯：王先生在訪問約克郡之前參加了會議并發(fā)表了演講。
解析：before引導(dǎo)的從句，一般過去時.
4.Had done在虛擬語氣中的運用（屬于較特殊情況）
�。�1）在虛擬條件句中的運用，此時的意思要根據(jù)語境而定，可以與虛擬語氣一起來歸納。主要表示與過去事實相反的愿望，即與過去事實相反。
例句：If I I had taken your advice, I would have got a good grade in the exam.
翻譯：如果我聽了你的建議，我會在考試中取得好成績。
解析：had taken表明過去我沒有采取建議.
（2）有expect，intend，suppose（假定），hope,think等動詞的過去完成時在句中出現(xiàn)時，表示未實現(xiàn)的打算，希望，愿望的意味。
例句：I expect that I had been an intern in that company.
翻譯：我想我曾在那家公司實習(xí)過。
解析：同樣地，我并不是這個公司的實習(xí)生.
（3）在If only（但愿，要是） or wish出現(xiàn)的虛擬語氣中，同樣也表示與過去事實相反的愿望，想法。
例句：Honestly,if only I had studied in university.
翻譯：老實說，要是我在大學(xué)里學(xué)習(xí)就好了。
解析：事實上我沒有，與現(xiàn)實相反.
5.在時間狀語從句中的運用,例如一些引導(dǎo)詞 since, until, no sooner...than, hardly...when, scarcely...when 等，一般可視為 "had done" 出現(xiàn)的信號,從句常用一般過去時。
例句：No sooner had Whitney Houston began to sing a song than there was an instant sensation.
翻譯：惠特尼·休斯頓剛開始唱歌，就立刻引起了轟動。
解析：注意：這里由于no sooner 否定前置，句子謂語部分倒裝，所以”had”提前.
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