英語六級(jí)語法之一致原則

　　不管是英語六級(jí)作文還是六級(jí)翻譯，六級(jí)閱讀我們離不開的一部分就是英語語法，但是語法具體有沒有一個(gè)捷徑?有沒有一個(gè)方法可以學(xué)會(huì)所有的六級(jí)語法?雖然沒有方法，但是有一個(gè)態(tài)度就是堅(jiān)持，只要你一個(gè)個(gè)掌握你的語法就可以學(xué)好。以下是小編為大家精心整理的英語六級(jí)語法之一致原則，歡迎大家閱讀參考!

　　英語的一致有三種:主謂一致，代詞一致，肯定與否定一致

　　一、概念一致

　　1. And連接的兩個(gè)或多個(gè)單數(shù)名詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式 His opinion and mine are different他的觀點(diǎn)和我的是不同的。

　　Bob and Peter are deadly rivals

　　1.Bob和peter是死對(duì)頭。

　　但是如果and連接的是指一個(gè)單一概念時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。

　　Bread and milk has been my breakfast for years. 牛奶面包多年來一直是我的早餐。

　　由and連接的單數(shù)主語分別有many a，ever y，each，no修飾時(shí)，動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。 如：During the holidays, every train and every plane was crowded.假期期間每列火車及每架飛機(jī)都非常擁擠。

　　2.如果主語是一個(gè)抽象概念(如不定式、動(dòng)名詞、主語從句等)謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。如果主語是用and連接的兩個(gè)或多個(gè)抽象概念，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 如：Swimming jogging and cycling are all goad2 farms of sports exercises.游泳、慢跑和騎自行車都是很好的運(yùn)動(dòng)形式。

　　以what，who，why，haw, whether等wh一詞引起的從句做主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù);由and連接的兩個(gè)主句如果指兩件事，動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。 例如:What he is doing is not clear yet他在干什么還不清楚

　　以what從句為主語的“主一系一表SVC"句型中，如果主句的表語是復(fù)數(shù)，主句謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式;what從句本身是復(fù)數(shù)意義，主句謂語動(dòng)詞也可用復(fù)數(shù)。 如：What I need buy now are four tea cups and a pair of sports shoes. 我需要買的是四只茶杯和一雙運(yùn)動(dòng)鞋。

　　3.集體名詞family，class，crew(全體船員或機(jī)組人員)，crowd, group, committee, audience, government, public, team, staff, population等做主語時(shí)，若作為一個(gè)整體看待，后面謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù); 如就其中每一個(gè)成員來考慮時(shí)，則用復(fù)數(shù)。 例如: My family is a big one.我家人多。

　　People, police, cattle,(牛)，militia(民兵)，poultry(家禽)，vermin(害出)等作主語時(shí)，后面的動(dòng)詞要用復(fù)數(shù)。

　　4.不定代詞either，neither，ever y，each，one，the other, another以及所有的復(fù)合不定代詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞只用單數(shù)，包括“every/each/no……and every/each/no……”作主語時(shí)。

　　如：Every/Each plane and every/each pilot is ready to take off. 每架飛機(jī)和每個(gè)飛行員都已準(zhǔn)備好起飛。

　　5. what，who，which，any，mare，some，half，mast，all，none.等代詞可以是單數(shù)，也可以是復(fù)數(shù)，主要靠意思決定。但指不可數(shù)名詞時(shí)作單數(shù)看待。

　　6.表示時(shí)間、重量、長(zhǎng)度、價(jià)值等的單位名詞，盡管是復(fù)數(shù)形式，如果作整體看待，動(dòng)詞都用單數(shù)形式。如果看作組成該數(shù)量的一個(gè)一個(gè)的個(gè)體，則動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。 如：Twenty miles is a long way to walk. 走二十英里可是很長(zhǎng)的一段路。

　　7. “the+形容詞”表示一類人時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。表示抽象概念或指?jìng)�(gè)別事物時(shí)謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。

　　如：The old are well taken care of. 老人得到很好的照顧。

　　8. 如果主語由"a kind/sort/type of this kind/sort/type of +名詞”組成，不管名詞是單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)，動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)。

　　如：This kind of man annoys me. =This kind of men annoys me. 這種人讓我煩。 類似的還有:a portion3 of(一部分)，a series of(一系列)，a pile of(一堆)，a panel4 of (一個(gè)小組委員會(huì))，

　　如：A series of accidents has happened here. 這里發(fā)生過一系列事故。

　　9. Means作“方法、手段”講時(shí)，單復(fù)數(shù)同形，其前面有each, every, neither, either,等單數(shù)a念的定語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù);若有all, both，these等復(fù)數(shù)概念的定語時(shí)謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。

　　“None of the means”作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)。

　　如：There is/are no means of learning5 what is happening. 沒法知道正在發(fā)生什么事。

　　二、主語與謂語的一致

　　英語語法要求，主語如果是單數(shù)，謂語動(dòng)詞也要用單數(shù)形式;主語若是復(fù)數(shù)，謂語動(dòng)詞也要用復(fù)數(shù)形式 例如:

　　We all like good food.我們都喜歡好飯菜。

　　Everybody was happy with the decision. 人人都對(duì)這個(gè)決定感到高興

　　三、代詞一致

　　代詞一致是指句子中代詞應(yīng)在數(shù)、性、人稱等方面彼此保持一致， 如：One must do one’ s best to increase production. Everybody talked at the tap of his/their voice.

　　If anyone calls, tell him I’ 11 be back in a moment. (him也可用him or her代替) 在寫作中，如果表示不定的人，可以用you, we, one等，需要注意的是：同一篇文章中，只用同一個(gè)不定代詞，而且所有格要與其一致。

　　四、就近一致

　　1.當(dāng)主語由either...... or. neither...... nor , not only ...... but(also) 或or連接時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞通常和最臨近的那個(gè)主語一致。

　　例如：Either you or he is to do the work. 不是你就是他來做這件事。

　　2.當(dāng)there be結(jié)構(gòu)后面有并列主語時(shí)，謂語也和最臨近的那個(gè)一致。 如：There is a dictionary and many books on the table. 桌子上有一本詞典和許多本書。

　　這種就近一致的情況在非正式文體中越來越普遍。但在下列情況不提倡模訪。 如：Where is your mother and sisters 你媽媽和你姐妹到哪兒去了

　　3.做主語的名詞或代詞后接with，together with，along with，as well as等短語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞一般和前面名詞或代詞一致。這些短語前后可用可不用逗號(hào)。 如：A woman with a baby is coming to the hospital 一個(gè)婦女抱著個(gè)嬰兒正向醫(yī)院走來。

　　拓展：名詞做主語時(shí)的主謂一致原則

　　一、如果主語是不可數(shù)名詞,動(dòng)名詞,不定式或從句的時(shí)候,謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù).

　　Smoking is not a good habit.

　　To live happily needs a lot of things.

　　What I said is true.

　　二、如果由and連接的兩個(gè)做主語的單數(shù)名詞指的是同一個(gè)人或物的時(shí)候,用單數(shù)動(dòng)詞.

　　The singer and songwriter is dead.

　　The science and technology plays an important part in China.

　　Bread and butter(=buttered bread) is a good food for patients.

　　“War and Peace” is the best book I have ever read.

　　如果由and連接的兩個(gè)或更多的主語之前有each, every, many a/an, no的時(shí)候用單數(shù)名詞.

　　Every boy and girl in the class works very hard.

　　Each minute and second is valuable to us.

　　三、主語是單數(shù), 后面跟有with, along with, together with,besides, as well as, but, except, no less than,rather than, more than, like, including, in addition to 的時(shí)候, 謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù).

　　Jack with his family wants to go to China.

　　He, as well as you, is very honest.

　　No one but I is a student.

　　Her brother, together with his wife and children, was killed in the accident.

　　The father, rather than the brothers, is responsible.

　　四、由some, any, no, every構(gòu)成的復(fù)合代詞(sb,sth---)和each, either, neither, one, the other, another, little, a little, much, no one, nothing做主語的時(shí)候,謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù).

　　Each of you is cleverer than me.

　　Neither student has passed the exam.

　　Is anybody here?

　　五、both, few, a few, several, many以及others做主語的時(shí)候,

　　永遠(yuǎn)用復(fù)數(shù)動(dòng)詞.

　　Several friends were invited to the party.

　　Both books are sold out.

　　六、all, none, any, some, more和most要是修飾單數(shù)名詞,謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù); 若是修飾復(fù)數(shù)名詞,就用復(fù)數(shù)動(dòng)詞.

　　Most of the apple is bad.

　　Most of the apples are bad.

　　None of this money is yours.

　　None of the people here are teachers.

　　七、 由or連接的兩個(gè)以上主語時(shí),動(dòng)詞和最接近的主語一致.

　　You or he is wrong.

　　Are you or he wrong?

　　由either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also連接的兩個(gè)以上主語時(shí),動(dòng)詞和最近的主語一致.

　　Either he or you have to tell the truth.

　　Neither my brother nor his friends are over 18 years old.

　　Not only the basketball players but also the coach was very nervous.

　　八、若主語的復(fù)數(shù)名詞表示的是”一段時(shí)間”, “一筆錢”, “一段距離”, “一個(gè)數(shù)量”, “一個(gè)面積”的時(shí)候用單數(shù)謂語動(dòng)詞.

　　Two weeks is to enough for me to finish it.

　　Five thousand dollars is too much.

　　Ten kilometers is too long for me to run.

　　九、people(人民), police, cattle(牛群)等常用復(fù)數(shù)動(dòng)詞. 有一些集體名詞,如果表示的是整體就用單數(shù)動(dòng)詞, 如果表示的是其中的個(gè)體就用復(fù)數(shù)謂語動(dòng)詞.這樣的詞常見的有family, class, audience, public, team等等.

　　His family are all singers.

　　His family is very large.

　　十、關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞與先行詞一致。

　　Those who want to go please sign their names here.

　　十一、一些名詞只有復(fù)數(shù)形式，如clothes, scissors, trousers, shorts, scales 等， 作主語時(shí)謂語用復(fù)數(shù)形式

　　The scales 天平 are mine.

　　但是成雙的東西前面有a pair of 要用單數(shù)。

　　This pair of scissors belongs to the tailor.

　　十二、如果主語由“a kind of ( a series of ) 構(gòu)成， 謂語一般用單數(shù)形式。

　　This kind of men is dangerous.

　　如果是多種，謂語動(dòng)詞要用復(fù)數(shù)。

　　There are many kinds of apples.

　　十三、算術(shù)式通常用單數(shù)。

　　十四、ics結(jié)尾的學(xué)科用單數(shù)謂語動(dòng)詞。

　　十五、書名，劇名，報(bào)紙名，國(guó)名的復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。

　　The united states is a capitalist country.

　　“ The Arabian Nights” is a very interesting story-book.

　　十六、“the+形容詞（分詞）“ 指人謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。指抽象謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。

　　The English speak English.

　　The new always beats the old.

　　十七、who, what, which, all,more, most some, any, none,

　　half, the rest, the remainder 等作主語要看各自的情況。

　　十八、one and a half 加復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。

　　One and a half bananas is left on the table.

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