充實短句寫出具有層次感的出彩托福作文

　　導(dǎo)語：具有層次感和節(jié)奏感的托福[微博]作文才能出彩!新托福寫作中如何運(yùn)用技巧寫出一篇極具亮點(diǎn)的好作文?以下是小編為大家精心整理的相關(guān)資料，歡迎大家閱讀參考!

　　一變短句為長句

　　短句充斥著新托福的寫作考試，尤其中國考[微博]生特別喜歡和容易使用短句來應(yīng)試，但新托福的寫作要求句型要有一定的復(fù)雜性。因此，在這種情況下，考生就不得不需要對某些短句進(jìn)行拉長，借此來向閱卷者展示自己對于復(fù)雜語言結(jié)構(gòu)的掌控能力。

　　名詞+形容詞+同位語+定語從句

　　短句拉長的心法{

　　動詞+狀語(時間，地點(diǎn)，目的，方式等)

　　接下來我們就來具體看幾個例子：

　　1. Governments have built new roads。

　　短句拉長步驟：

　　1). 在句首加上時間狀語in the past two years;

　　2). 在名詞governments前面加上responsible等形容詞來修飾它;

　　3). 在名詞roads后面加上定語從句which have brought much convenience to the local citizens。

　　變化后的句子為：

　　In the past two years, responsible governments have built a great number of new roads which have brought much convenience to the local citizens。

　　2. Factories have discharged gases and liquids。

　　短句拉長步驟：

　　1). 在名詞factories前面加上兩個形容詞newly-built和chemical

　　2). 在名詞gases and liquids后面加上一個定語從句which have had a seriously negative impact on the surrounding environment。

　　變化后的句子為：

　　The newly-built chemical factories have discharged harmful and even poisonous gases and liquids which have had a seriously negative impact on the surrounding environment。

　　二變非主語成分開頭的句子

　　多使用非主語成分開頭的句子不但能使寫作句式多樣化，而且也能有效地向閱卷者展示考生的寫作技能。比如：

　　1. 動名詞：Cheating on tests repeatedly invites self-defeat。

　　2. 過去分詞：Forgotten on the desk was her favorite i-phone。

　　3. 名詞性從句：What was needed in reality was not taught in school。

　　4. 代詞：Such is the case when a new policy is made。

　　5. 介詞：From the shortage arises the demand for nuclear power as a new source of energy。

　　6. 副詞：Too often, students are forced to cheat on tests。

　　7. 形容詞：Basic to any understanding of Japan after World War II is its impressive population’s growth。

　　理解了以上技巧后，對于同一句話，我們就能變化出很多不同的寫法。比如，對上面的第一個句子，我們可以用以下的不同方式來表達(dá)：

　　1) What invites self-defeat is cheating on tests repeatedly。

　　2) To cheat on tests repeatedly is to invite self-defeat。

　　3) Repeated cheating on tests invites self-defeat。

　　4) It is repeated cheating on tests that invites self-defeat。

　　5) Whoever cheats on tests is to invite self-defeat。

　　三變“一主二仆”式定語從句

　　一主二仆式定語從句是指一個先行詞帶有兩個或兩個以上定語從句的情況。該結(jié)構(gòu)中的定語從句比較規(guī)范，均修飾一個先行詞，歸納下來有如下幾種情況：

　　1. 作定語：可以把兩個定語從句看成并列的定語，也可當(dāng)作分開的定語修飾先行詞，或分別修飾重復(fù)的先行詞。

　　… and the old ways of earning a living rivaled by new agricultural techniques, by commerce with hitherto unknown parts of the globe, and by new crafts with strange machines that saved labor and that ran without the traditional human or animal power

　　……古老的謀生之道正受到新的農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)、新的貿(mào)易、新的行業(yè)的挑戰(zhàn);這種新貿(mào)易是與世界上一向無人知曉的地區(qū)進(jìn)行的貿(mào)易，而種種新行業(yè)則是使用一些無需傳統(tǒng)的人力畜力驅(qū)動、可節(jié)省勞動力的奇特的機(jī)器。(并列的定語)

　　Almost everything which really matters and which the world possessed at the commencement of the modern age was already known to man at the dawn of history。

　　近代史開始時，世界擁有的每一項重大成就，已為歷史發(fā)端期的人們所知曉。(分開的定語)

　　And it helps to explain why so many inventions that were of Chinese origin or that had been known to the Greco-Romans, were fully developed and exploited only by the Western Europeans。

　　它有助于說明，為什么發(fā)源于中國的許多發(fā)明和希臘羅馬人所知道的許多發(fā)明，只是在西歐人手中才得到全面發(fā)展和充分利用。(分開的定語修飾重復(fù)的先行詞)

　　2. 并列句：可以把兩個定語從句簡單地看成一個并列句，也可以把它們拆成兩個分開的并列句，用來表示并列、轉(zhuǎn)折或先后順序等關(guān)系：

　　Consequently the manor was a self-sufficient village that was worked by serfs who were not free to leave, and who with their labor supported a hierarchy of lay and clerical lords。

　　因而，采邑是靠農(nóng)奴經(jīng)營的自給自足的村莊;農(nóng)奴不能隨便離開，并以其勞動養(yǎng)活教俗封建集團(tuán)。(一個并列句)

　　Not surprisingly, the most complex political structures appeared in the Sudan, where long distance trade was most highly developed and where Islamic influence was the strongest。

　　毫不奇怪，蘇丹出現(xiàn)了最復(fù)雜的政治組織，在那里，長途貿(mào)易發(fā)展得最快，伊斯蘭教的影響最為強(qiáng)烈。(兩個并列句)

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　　Our aim is to establish in Ghana a strong and progressive society …where poverty and illiteracy no longer exist and disease is brought under control;and where our educational facilities provide all the children of Ghana with the best possible opportunities for the development of their potentialities。

　　我們的目的是在加納建立一個強(qiáng)大、進(jìn)步的社會……在這里，貧困和文盲不再存在，疾病得到控制;在這里，我們的教育機(jī)構(gòu)為加納所有的孩子提供發(fā)展他們潛力的最好機(jī)會。(兩個并列句，表示并列關(guān)系)

　　This hope was nurtured by the great victories won by Genghis Khan’s grandson, Hulagu, who was a Buddhist, and whose wife was a Christian。

　　成吉思汗的孫子旭烈兀所取得的偉大勝利，助長了這一希望。旭烈兀是個佛教徒，而他的妻子是基督教徒。(兩個并列句，表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系)

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