英語知識(shí)點(diǎn)否定推測的小結(jié)
時(shí)間過得真快，一段時(shí)間的工作已經(jīng)告一段落了，相信你會(huì)領(lǐng)悟到不少東西，一起好好小結(jié)過去這段努力的時(shí)間吧。那么寫小結(jié)真的很難嗎？下面是小編為大家收集的英語知識(shí)點(diǎn)否定推測的小結(jié)，希望對(duì)大家有所幫助。
否定推測分為兩種情況：
1)語氣不很肯定時(shí)，常用may not,might not或could not，譯為“可能不”、“也許不”。
You might just as well tell the manufacturer that male customers ______ not like the design of the furniture.(2004年上海春季卷)
A.must B.shall
C.may D.need
Key： C
2)否定語氣較強(qiáng)時(shí)，則用can’t，譯為“根本不可能”、“想必不會(huì)”，表示驚異、懷疑的感情色彩。
�、佟狣o you know where David is? I couldn’t find him anywhere.
—Well.He ______ have gone far——his coat’s still here.(2005年湖北卷)
A.shouldn’tB.mustn’t
C.can’t D.wouldn’t
�、凇� Isn’t that Ann’s husband over there?
— No,it _______ be him I’m sure he doesn’t wear glasses.(2004年全國卷Ⅰ)
A.can’t B.must not
C.won’t D.may not
Key: C A
英語語法存在句知識(shí)點(diǎn)：
there be…的否定式
■ there be句式否定式的用法
there be句式的否定式通常應(yīng)將否定詞置于動(dòng)詞be之后：
There is not any bread left.
沒有一點(diǎn)面包了。
There isn’t anything I can do for you.
我?guī)筒涣四闶裁疵Α?/p>
若謂語中包括有助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，通常將否定詞置于助動(dòng)詞與情態(tài)動(dòng)詞之后：
There can’t be so many mistakes.
不可能有那么多錯(cuò)誤。
There shouldn’t be any doubt about it.
對(duì)此不應(yīng)有什么懷疑。
There haven’t been any parties in weeks.
好幾個(gè)禮拜沒開過晚會(huì)了。
另外注意以下類型的否定式：
There doesn’t seem to have been any difficulty over the money question.
在錢的問題上似乎沒發(fā)生什么困難。
■ there be句式疑問式的用法
there be句式的疑問式通常應(yīng)將否定詞置于動(dòng)詞be之后：
Is there any good film on?
映什么好電影嗎?
Is there room for me in the car?
車子里還有我坐的地方嗎?
Are there any letters for me?
有我的信嗎?
若謂語中包括有助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，通常將助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞移至句首構(gòu)成疑問式：
Has there been an accident?
出事了嗎?
Have there been any new developments?
有什么新的發(fā)展嗎?
Can there have been so much rain there?
那兒會(huì)下過那么多雨嗎?
另外注意以下類型的疑問式：
Uncle Jesse,why do there have to be poor people like those?
杰西叔，為什么一定要有他們那樣的窮人?
關(guān)于英語語法陳述句知識(shí)點(diǎn):
肯定句變否定句
1.be動(dòng)詞的否定式
be 動(dòng)詞根據(jù)不同的人稱和時(shí)態(tài)有不同的形式，在一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)中是am ,is ,are可用作聯(lián)系動(dòng)詞，構(gòu)成否定式時(shí)，一律在其后面加否定詞not.
He is reading.He is not reading.They are from China.They are not from China.
2.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的'否定式
情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的否定式是在其后面直接加not.如：
I can swim.I can’t swim.He can dance.He can’t dance.You should go to school at seven.You shouldn’t go to school at seven.
3.實(shí)義動(dòng)詞的否定句
實(shí)義動(dòng)詞變否定句時(shí)，要借助助動(dòng)詞do ,does，在一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)中用do或者does其句子結(jié)構(gòu)為：主語+ don’t / doesn’t + 動(dòng)詞原形+其它 例如：
I like pop music.I don’t like pop music.He likes running.He doesn’t like running.
She does her homework at home.She doesn’t do her homework at home
初中英語句型分類知識(shí)點(diǎn)詳解：一般否定句與特指否定句
1.一般否定句
句型1[主語+特殊定式動(dòng)詞+not+行為動(dòng)詞或表語+其他]
1.China of today is not what it was thirty years ago.
2."Isn't that Teddy Thomson out?"-"I think it's him,but I can't be a hundred percent sure."
3."Oh,sir,he can't have said such a thing! He can't have spoken like that to you,sir!"
4.We must not wait for favors from Nature; we must take them from her.
5.I haven't finished the book yet.6.Money could not buy happiness.
[注1] He is no fool.Great barkers are no biters.
[注2] 二十四個(gè)特殊定式動(dòng)詞：
句型2[主語+do(does,did)+ not+行為動(dòng)詞+其他]
1.Sorrow doesn't buy bread.2.Pure gold does not dread fire.
3."Why is Mr.Cooper so angry today?"-"I don't know why."
4."They did not steal so much."-"I don't care how much." He said,"… A thief is a thief."
句型3[主語+ 行為動(dòng)詞+ no/not+賓語+其他]
1.A rolling stone gathers no moss.
2.Viola,hearing this,knew not how to behave,nor how to answer her.
3.I know not what course others may take,but,as for me,give me liberty or give me death!
4.We are fleet-winged men at arms; we fear not mountains high or rivers deep.
句型4[There be+ no/not/not any+主語(+狀語)]
1.There was no well in the village at that time.
2.Oliver Twist was born in a workhouse… There were no aunts,no sisters,no cousins,no grand mothers.
3.There is not a moment to be lost.4.There is no holding back the wheel of history
[附注] 一般否定句的其他表達(dá)方式：
1.Who knows it? (=No one knows it.) Dare he do it? (=He dare not do it.)
2.God only knows! (=No one knows.) As if I would allow it! (= I would certainly not allow it.)
3.Catch me doing that!
4.If I do I am a villain.(=I will not do.) Do that again if you dare.
5.In Heaven,an angel is nobody in particular.They shun personal fame and gains.
6.The city and the areas around it are an ice-free port and a nuclear weapon-free zone.The building is in a state of neglect.
7.She stood still,trying winly (in vain) to answer the battery of questions raised by the reporters.
8.I dislike the idea very much.Mr.White has refrained from making any official comment on the coup in that country.Yesterday she failed to get to school on time.The evidence is conclusive,excluding all possibilities of doubt.They excluded children (from) getting in.We'll forever live up to what the party expects of us.Avoid operating the keys roughly.She was refused admittance by them.
9.Slips are scarcely avoidable when you're new to your work.He is ignorant of conditions at the levels.Our PLA is worthy of being called a great army pf the people.
10.The meetings were marked by such an absence of lively discussions that at times they were almost on the point of breaking up.Lei Feng's noble deeds are above all praise.To do this is beyond my ability.He is out of the office.(= He is not in the office.) Tom is away from Cambridge.(= Tom is not at Cambridge.) It is far from perfect.That served to strengthen instead of weaken our determination (or: That strengthened,rather than weakened,our determination.) The truth is quite other than what you think.I know better than to quarrel.
2.特指否定句
句型5[…not+非謂語成分…]
1.Not a soul was anywhere visible.2.You must always remember not to become conceited.
3.The teacher told his pupils not to make such a mistake again.
4.I went to see him off,not to meet him.5.We felt sorry for not coming on time
句型6[主語+否定式謂語+(賓語)+狀語或從句(被否定部分)]
1.I don't think it is right to make such hasty decision.2.I'm not feeling very well today.
3.I don't believe that he will come tomorrow.
4.You can't judge a thing only by its looks.
5.He's studying English now,but he doesn't speak English very well yet.
6.People did not shake off colonialist's yoke in order to put on hegemonist's yoke.
7.Don't think ill of me because I use her help.She gives it cheerfully as you see…
初中英語句型分類知識(shí)點(diǎn)詳解：
部分否定句與全體否定句
部分否定句
句型7[All,every等總括詞…not+謂語動(dòng)詞…]
1.All is not gold that glitters.
2.All is not lost that is in peril.
3.And yet all did not go smoothly between them,for the younger man…h(huán)ad his heart set on New York.
4.I don't like both of the novels.5.Every one cannot make music.
6.Everybody,it is true,wouldn't like it.7.Such a thing is not found everywhere.
8.The good and the beautiful do not always go together.
9.A man of learning is not always a man of wisdom.10.I don't wholly agree.
[注] Some people like that sort of thing; Some don't.
全體否定句
句型8[no,none等否定詞…+肯定式謂語+其他]
1.Everybody talks about the weather,but nobody does anything about it.
2.No trickery can fool us.3.None of my friends smoke.
4.I could remember neither the name of the author nor the title of the book.
5.Nothing in the world is difficult for one who sets his mind to it.
6.The book was nowhere to be found.7.Neither of the sisters is here.
8.Never have we been daunted by difficulties.
句型9[主語+否定式謂語+不定代詞或不定副詞]
1.I do not know any of them.
2.I did not receive any letters yesterday.
3.I don't like either of the novels.
4.Justice must not be denied to anyone.
5.Did you go any where yesterday?-No,I didn't go anywhere yesterday.
6.Anyhow I shall not go today.
[注] 不可說 "anybody cannot do it." 只能說 "nobody can do it."
句型10[All等概括詞+肯定式謂語+含否定意義的單詞…]
1.All germs are invisible to the naked eye.
2.All his plans came to nothing.
3.Both visitors are unwelcome.
4.Every plan made by him is impossible of execution.
5.We all disbelieve in the existence of God.
6.Their quarrels are always interminable.
延續(xù)否定句與半否定句
延續(xù)否定句
句型11[(前句)否定句，+(后句)否定句]
1."Oh,no,no,no and again no," said Pinocchio."I must be a good boy."
2."Am I troubling you?"-"no,not in the least."
3.I shall never do it,not under any circumstances.
4.We must not think of him as a big,strong boy.Far from it!
5.I don't know how much you've got,and I dare say you hardly know yourself,as it would take a pretty long time to count it.
句型12[(前句) 主語+否定式謂語…，( 后句)not+ (同前)主語]
1.I'll not do such a thing,not I.
2.He will not break his word,not he.
3.They will not be discouraged,not they.4.Tom cannot speak Russian,not he.
句型13[(前句) 否定句，+ ( 后句)not/neither]
1.Frieda didn't go to the dance,neither did Fanny.
2.You can't do it,nor can anybody else.
3.You did not see him,neither did I.
4.Are you not going? Neither am I.
5.Oliver did not come that day,nor the next day; nor the next after that,nor for many,many days after.
6.I know not what,nor where,neither what latitude,what country,what nation,or what river.I neither saw,nor desired to see any people; the principal thing I wanted was fresh water.
[注1] 有時(shí)根據(jù)意義上的需要，下列句子是允許的。
I thought of him (=I didn't forget him),nor did I forget you.
[注2] 前句用little,hardly等半否定詞，后句同樣可跟延續(xù)否定句。
The world will little note,nor long remember what we say here,but it can never forget what they did here.
句型14[(前句)否定句，+(后句)no/not/nor…either…(or)…]
1.We are not in the wrong,nor (is) John either.
2.I cannot sing,I cannot dance,either.
3.Mary has no brothers,no cousins,either.
4.I don't know it.You don't know either?
5.China will not be a superpower,not either today or ever in the future.
[注] 英語中"也"的概念在肯定句中通常用too,also或…and as well
句型15[主語+否定式謂語…，+增強(qiáng)語氣詞(much,still,even,far,a lot,a great deal 等)+ less +名詞詞組或從句]表示"…,更不用說…"。
1.I could not assent to,much less participate in such proceedings.
2.…h(huán)e dared not openly charge her with the attempt,much less punish her for it.
3.He doesn't like music,still less dancing.
4.I did not even see him,still less shake hands with him.
5.I have no mind (idea) to lend this book to anyone,much less to part with it.(割愛)
[注] (much,still,even,far,a lot,a great deal 等)+more也用于追補(bǔ)某些未說完的內(nèi)容， 但much more只用于肯定句，不能引導(dǎo)延續(xù)否定句。 如: I like music,much more dancing.He speaks French,much more English.
Everyone has a right to enjoy his liberty,much more his life.
句型16[主語+否定式謂語…; +to say nothing of/ not to speak of/ not to mention+名詞詞組]
[主語+否定式謂語…; let alone+名詞詞組或從句]
1.He does not know English,to say nothing of German or French.
2.In old china there was hardly any machine-building industry,to say nothing of an aviation industry.
3.At that time they could not afford the ordinary comforts of life,not to speak of luxuries.
4.I don't know algebra or geometry,not to mention calculus.
5.I never thought of it,let alone (或much less,still less) did I do it.
[注1] "not to say"與 "to say nothing of",意思相差很遠(yuǎn)。"not to say"是"不到"的意思，如：It is warm,not to say hot.
[注2] apart from; independently of (姑且不說…) 如：Quite apart from (or independently of) saying a good deal of money in drawing illustrations myself,I derived much pleasure from it.
半否定句
句型17[主語+帶hardly等半否定詞的謂語+(其他)]
1.It scarcely matters.
2.I have hardly ever been out of London…
3.The downtown section of New York has hardly (almost not) a tree or a single blade of grass anywhere along the narrow dusty streets.
4.He would hardly recognize his home town if he saw it now.
5.We seldom hear such fine singing from school.6.Little remains to be said.
句型18[半否定詞+or/if +否定代詞或否定副詞+…]
1.Few,however,if any,besides the King himself believed that Hermione was guilty.
2.I saw little or nothing of him after you were gone.
3.She seldom or never (if ever) made a mistake.
4.Mr.Morris seldom or never went out.
5.Peter read little or nothing (little if anything) in summer vacation.
雙重否定句與排除否定句
雙重否定句
句型19[主語+否定式謂語…+否定詞/含否定意義的詞+其他]
1.He doesn't lend his book to nobody.
2.You can't make something out of nothing.
3.I'll take it then.Not for nothing.I'll give you something in return.
4.I could not disobey him.Only one thing remained for me: to suffer and obey.
5.He was never dissatisfied with my work.
6.What's done cannot be undone.
7.This captain took a fancy to my conversation,which was not at all disagreeable at that time.
[注] 如果要用否定代詞作主語，謂語要用肯定式。
Nothing is changeless.Nothing is without his faults.Nothing is impossible to a willing mind.
[主語+否定式謂語…+without+名詞…/動(dòng)名詞]
句型20[(There be)+no+主語+詞組或從句+without+名詞…/動(dòng)名詞]
[It (或名詞) is+否定詞語+不定式+without+名詞…/動(dòng)名詞]
1.We can live without food or water for some days,but without air we cannot live even a few minutes.
2.At the beginning of learning English he could not speak it without making mistakes.
3.There is no right to speak without investigation.
4.No gains without pains.
5.(There is) No sweet without (some) sweat.
6.Without revolutionary theory there can be no revolutionary movement.
7.Without knowledge of science and technology it is impossible to build socialism.
8.It is impossible for your team to win without constant training.
[注1] 由第二式的省略 "no…without…"進(jìn)一步緊縮的結(jié)果，便產(chǎn)生 "no…no…" 簡略式，主要用于諺語格言。例如：No pains,no gains.No law,no liberty.No investigation,no right to speak.Nothing venture,nothing have.(nothing是no的派生詞)
[注2] "not without…" 表示"不無…"、"不是沒有…"的意思，是一種委婉的說法。
例如：Not without reason / not without some doubt I have brought back your man-not without risk and danger.
句型21[主語+ cannot+help/ refrain from/ keep from+動(dòng)名詞…]
1.Though Laurence had promised Keith not to see Wanda,he could not help going to her.
2.He (Shylock) could not help showing his pleasure.
3.I can't help admiring it whenever I look at it.
4.I could not refrain from retorting to hear such a lie.
5.I cannot keep from laughing to hear such a story.
句型22[主語+ cannot+but/ choose but/ help but+動(dòng)詞原形…]
1."You cannot but feel already that it is useless staying here… you will have to go farther."
2.I can not but admire his courage.
3.We cannot (choose) but read books to increase our knowledge.
4.They cannot but admit that in certain aspects of science and technology we are away ahead of them.
句型23[主句(否定結(jié)構(gòu))+從句(否定結(jié)構(gòu))]
1.Nothing was useful which was not honest.
2.Nothing can be wholly beautiful that is not useful.
3.I have never committed one act that was not in the interests of my people.
4.Bassanio,in his grief,replied that there was nothing he would not sacrifice.
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