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2016雅思閱讀各題型名師精講：單選題
單選題
解題步驟及應(yīng)試技巧
第一步快速瀏覽文章，把握文章的體裁、結(jié)構(gòu)、主題、特點
首先，對不同文章結(jié)構(gòu)的把握有助于采用不同的解題策略。如果是議論文或段落緊湊的文章，那么每段的第l句話都是必讀的，最后一句最好也看看，特別是最后一段。根據(jù)這些句子的主、謂語和重要實義詞確定文章的主題與基調(diào)。如果是說明文或文章段落較多、每段都較短，只需確定文章所談主題，然后直接進(jìn)入第二步(讀題)。
其次，通過快速瀏覽，找一些有用的信號詞，如時間、人名、地名、數(shù)字、關(guān)聯(lián)詞、特殊印刷體等，以提高解題時的速度。瀏覽時對于文章中出現(xiàn)的列舉結(jié)構(gòu)、比較結(jié)構(gòu)、轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系、因果關(guān)系以及特殊句型如倒裝、強調(diào)、虛擬等要予以特別注意。
第二步讀題確定題目中的信息詞，主要是名詞、動詞，有時是人名、地名、時間、數(shù)字等確定詞。
第三步查找到信息源，解題�？焖俚轿恼轮胁檎业胶畔⒃~(或其同義詞)的地方，仔細(xì)閱讀上下文，根據(jù)主題句、核心詞、同義替換、一定高度的概括性等原則確定正確答案。如果是觀點態(tài)度題，主要通過把握主旨及詞匯的感情色彩來判斷。
注意：
1.正確的答案常常是原文相關(guān)詞的改寫。
2.有些題目比較簡單，可以直接選擇。對于難題，可以用排除法確定正確答案。
3.要注意順序性，即題目的順序和原文的順序基本一致。
4.如果一個選項合乎題意，還要看其它選項中是否有both-----and, all of the above 的字樣。
5.注意題干中是否有not , except 字樣。
1. The average air temperature at the surface of the earth has risen this century, as has the temperature of ocean surface waters. Because water expands as it heats, a warmer ocean means higher sea levels. We cannot say definitely that the temperature rises are due to the greenhouse effect; the heating may be part of a "natural" variability over a long time-scale that we have not yet recognized in our short 100 years of recording. However, assuming the build up of greenhouse gases is responsible, and that the warming will continue, scientists-and inhabitants of low-lying coastal areas--would like to know the extent of future sea level rises.
2. Calculating this is not easy. Models used for the purpose have treated the ocean as passive, stationary and one-dimensional. Scientists have assumed that heat simply diffused into the sea from the atmosphere. Using basic physical laws, they then predict how much a known volume of water would expand for a given increase in temperature. But the oceans are not one-dimensional, and recent work by oceanographers, using a new model which takes into account a number of subtle facets of the sea-including vast and complex ocean currents-suggests that the rise in sea level may be less than some earlier estimates had predicted.
(1) Scientists do not know for sure why the air and surface of ocean temperatures are rising because ...
A there is too much variability.
B there is not enough variability.
C they have not been recording these temperatures for enough time.
D the changes have only been noticed for 100 years.
(2) New research leads scientists to believe that ...
A the oceans are less complex.
B the oceans are more complex.
C the oceans will rise more than expected.
D the oceans will rise less than expected.
方案二：注意選項中的關(guān)鍵詞。(在提干意思含糊，無法定位時，要借助備選項確定關(guān)鍵詞)
3. Even though earthquake prone countries spend enormous human and financial resources on seismographic measurement, as a means of predicting earthquakes, there is a danger in paying too much heed to seemingly high risk zones and erecting less stable buildings solely because of their being in a low risk zone. Prior to the earthquake, Kobe was not regarded as at serious risk, but after the disaster, investigation of the damage revealed that nearly all deaths occurred in small buildings that shattered rather than twisted when stressed. Coup/ed with the problem of soft soils, the buildings had little firm support and many crumb/ed. If countries wish to withstand the devastating forces of substantial earthquakes and reduce death, injury and property damage, it is important to design and construct buildings that are earthquake resistant, as well as monitor seismic forces.
(1) It is now believed that ...
A low-risk zones are relatively safe.
B high-risk zones are more dangerous than low-risk zones.
C low-risk zones may in fact be very dangerous due to poorly constructed buildings.
D high-risk zones have stable buildings.
(2) Soft soils ...
A together with poorly constructed buildings and being in high-risk zones greatly contribute to earthquakes devastation.
B cause earthquakes.
C cause buildings to twist rather than shatter.
D crumble buildings.
(3) Seismologists ...
A can predict the potential destruction of a city by an earthquake.
B can not predict where an earthquake may occur .
C had been investigating Kobe’s potential for an earthquake and had warmed the inhabitants.
D could work with other professionals to understand and try to minimize the level of death and injury caused by major earthquakes.
方案三
出現(xiàn)絕對詞的選系項90%不是答案。All, most, only, always, usually, invariably, greatly, entirely, largely等。
方案四
出現(xiàn)比較級的選項90%都不是答案。比較級有三要素：比較雙方，比較點和比較方向。三項里任何一方與原文不符都不能成為答案。
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