- 相關(guān)推薦
自考英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作要點(diǎn)匯總
第一部分：圖表寫(xiě)作套句精選
1.the table shows the changes in the number of……over the period from……to……
該表格描述了在……年之……年間……數(shù)量的變化。
2.the bar chart illustrates that……
該柱狀圖展示了……
3.the graph provides some interesting data regarding……
該圖為我們提供了有關(guān)……有趣數(shù)據(jù)。
4.the diagram shows （that）……
該圖向我們展示了……
5.the pie graph depicts （that）……
該圓形圖揭示了……
6.this is a cure graph which describes the trend of……
這個(gè)曲線圖描述了……的趨勢(shì)。
7.the figures/statistics show （that）……
數(shù)據(jù)（字）表明……
8.the tree diagram reveals how……
該樹(shù)型圖向我們揭示了如何……
9.the data/statistics show （that）……
該數(shù)據(jù)（字）可以這樣理解……
10.the data/statistics/figures lead us to the conclusion that……
這些數(shù)據(jù)資料令我們得出結(jié)論……
11.as is shown/demonstrated/exhibited in the diagram/graph/chart/table……
如圖所示……
12.according to the chart/figures……
根據(jù)這些表（數(shù)字）……
13.as is shown in the table……
如表格所示……
14.as can be seen from the diagram，great changes have taken place in……
從圖中可以看出，……發(fā)生了巨大變化。
15.from the table/chart/diagram/figure，we can see clearly that……or it is clear/apparent from the chart that……
從圖表我們可以很清楚（明顯）看到……
16.this is a graph which illustrates……
這個(gè)圖表向我們展示了……
17.this table shows the changing proportion of a & b from……to……
該表格描述了……年到……年間a與b的比例關(guān)系。
18.the graph，presented in a pie chart， shows the general trend in……
該圖以圓形圖形式描述了……總的趨勢(shì)。
19.this is a column chart showing……
這是個(gè)柱型圖，描述了……
20.as can be seen from the graph，the two curves show the flutuation of……
如圖所示，兩條曲線描述了……的波動(dòng)情況。
21.over the period from……to……the……remained level.
在……至……期間，……基本不變。
22.in the year between……and……
在……年到……期間……
23.in the 3 years spanning from 1995 through 1998……
1995年至1998三年里……
24.from then on/from this time onwards……
從那時(shí)起……
25.the number of……remained steady/stable from （month/year） to （month/year）。
……月（年）至……月（年）……的數(shù)量基本不變。
26.the number sharply went up to……
數(shù)字急劇上升至……
27.the percentage of……stayed the same between……and……
……至……期間……的比率維持不變。
28.the figures peaked at……in（month/year）
……的數(shù)目在……月（年）達(dá)到頂點(diǎn)，為……
29.the percentage remained steady at……
比率維持在……
30.the percentage of……is sightly larger/smaller than that of……
……的比例比……的比例略高（低）。
31.there is not a great deal of difference between……and……
……與……的區(qū)別不大。
32.the graphs show a threefold increase in the number of……
該圖表表明……的數(shù)目增長(zhǎng)了三倍。
33……decreased year by year while……increased steadily.
……逐年減少，而……逐步上升。
34.the situation reached a peak（a high point at） of[%].
……的情況（局勢(shì)）到達(dá)頂（高）點(diǎn)，為……百分點(diǎn)。
35.the figures/situation bottomed out in……
數(shù)字（情況）在……達(dá)到底部。
36.the figures reached the bottom/a low point/hit a trough.
數(shù)字（情況）達(dá)到底部（低谷）。
37.a is ……times as much/many as b.
a是b的……倍。
38.a increased by……
a增長(zhǎng)了……
39.a increased to……
a增長(zhǎng)到……
40.high/low/great/small/ percentage.
比低高（低）
41.there is an upward trend in the number of……
……數(shù)字呈上升趨勢(shì)。
42.a considerable increase/decrease occurred from……to……
……到……發(fā)生急劇上升。
43.from……to……the rate of decrease slow down.
從……到……，下降速率減慢。
44.from this year on，there was a gradual declinel reduction in the……，reaching a figure of……
從這年起，……逐漸下降至……
45.be similar to……
與……相似
46.be the same as……
與……相同
47.there are a lot similarities/differences between……and……
……與……之間有許多相似（不同）之處
48.a has something in common with b
a于b有共同之處。
49.the difference between a and b lies in……
a與b之間的差別在于……
50……（year）witnessed/saw a sharp rise in……
……年……急劇上升。
第二部分：寫(xiě)作常識(shí)
一、圖形種類(lèi)及概述法：
泛指一份數(shù)據(jù)圖表：a data graph/chart/diagram/illustration/table
餅圖：pie chart
直方圖或柱形圖：bar chart/histogram
趨勢(shì)曲線圖：line chart/curve diagram
表格圖：table
流程圖或過(guò)程圖：flow chart/sequence diagram
程序圖：processing/procedures diagram
以下是一些較常用的描述用法
The table/chart diagram/graph shows （that）
According to the table/chart diagram/graph
As （is） shown in the table/chart diagram/graph
As can be seen from the table/chart/diagram/graph/figures，
figures/statistics shows （that）……
It can be seen from the figures/statistics
We can see from the figures/statistics
It is clear from the figures/statistics
It is apparent from the figures/statistics
table/chart/diagram/graph figures （that） ……
table/chart/diagram/graph shows/describes/illustrates how
二、data的具體表達(dá)法
data在某一個(gè)時(shí)間段固定不變：fixed in time
在一系列的時(shí)間段中轉(zhuǎn)變：changes over time
持續(xù)變化的data在不同情況下：
增加：increase/raise/rise/go up ……
減少：decrease/grow down/drop/fall ……
波動(dòng)：fluctuate/rebound/undulate/wave ……
穩(wěn)定：remain stable/stabilize/level off ……
最常用的兩種表達(dá)法：
動(dòng)詞 + 副詞形式（Verb+Adverb form）
形容詞 + 名詞形式（Adjective+Noun form）
1. Verb+Adverb form
The number of XXX
+increase/jump/rise/decrease/drop/fall/fluctuate……
+insignificantly/significantly/slightly/suddenly/rapidly/dramatically/sharply/steeply/steadily/gradually/slowly……
+from （第一時(shí)間） to （第二時(shí)間）/between （第一時(shí)間） and （第二時(shí)間）
2. Adjective+Noun form
There was a （very） sudden/rapid/dramatic/significant/sharp/steep/steady/gradual/slow/slight
+increase/jump/rise/decrease/drop/fall/fluctuation （注意：上述很多詞不可用于修飾fluctuation）
+in the number of XXX from （第一時(shí)間） to （第二時(shí)間）/between （第一時(shí)間） and （第二時(shí)間）
描述穩(wěn)定的data：
The number of XXX remained steady/stable from （第一時(shí)間） to （第二時(shí)間）/between （第一時(shí)間） and （第二時(shí)間）
The number of XXX stayed the same from （第一時(shí)間） to （第二時(shí)間）/between （第一時(shí)間） and （第二時(shí)間）
There was little change/hardly any change/no change in the number of XXX from from （第一時(shí)間） to （第二時(shí)間）/between （第一時(shí)間） and （第二時(shí)間）
描述不同狀態(tài)的data
Noun form：
steady drop/sharp rise peak/dramatic fall/sharp drop
Verbal form：
�。╰o） bottom out/（to） reach the bottom/（to） increase gradually/（to） reach a plateau/（to） remain steady
描述the highest point以及the lowest point
高點(diǎn)極值：
The monthly profit/The figures/The situation ……
+peaked in （月份/年） <準(zhǔn)確時(shí)間點(diǎn)用at XXX at XXX%/XXX（極點(diǎn)data）
或者reached a peak/a high point at XXX%/XXX（極點(diǎn)data）
低點(diǎn)極值：
XXX bottomed out/reached
+rock/the bottom/a low point
或者h(yuǎn)it a trough
此外，在描述過(guò)程中還有很多的conjunctional words/sentences，最常用的固定搭配如下：
并列： as well as（句首/中）， also， as well（句尾）， either， neither， too， moreover， furthermore， in addition， additionally， besides， what's more， apart from ……
舉例： for example， for instance， to illustrate， as an illustration， in particular， particularly， especially
事實(shí)： as a matter of fact， in fact， actually， as long as， so long as ……
雷同/近似：similarly， likewise（句首/尾）， at the same time， equally ……
轉(zhuǎn)折： however， whereas， nevertheless， nonetheless， though， although， even though， while， yet， on the contrary， contrarily， in contrast， conversely， on the other hand， unlikely， in stead （of）， in spite of， despite of ……
原因與結(jié)果
1. cause-suggestion （幾乎不常用）
since/now that ……； I hope that……
because of/on account of/owing to/thanks to + （doing） sth， I hope that……
2. cause-effect （較常用）
XXX lead to/bring about/result in/ account for ……
�。ㄒ粋�(gè)句子）， therefore/thus/hence/as a result/consequently/（and） so ……
3. effect-cause （較常用）
XXX be caused by/result from/be the result of/be the effect of/be the consequence of ……
�。ㄒ粋�(gè)句子）， because ……
it is adj. that ……
it is unimaginable that ……
it is undeniable that ……
it is interesting to discover that ……
三、其它相關(guān)常用詞（組）
1. 主章開(kāi)頭
圖表類(lèi)型：table； chart； diagram； graph； column chart； pie graph
描述：show； describe； illustrate； can be seen from； clear； apparent； reveal； represent
內(nèi)容：figure； statistic； number； percentage； proportion
2. 表示數(shù)據(jù)
一般：have 10%； at 10%； over 10%
最高（低）點(diǎn)：peaked； reached a peak/high point
bottomed out； reached the bottom
變化：recover 略有回升； increase； jump； rise/rose； climb
decrease； fall/fell； drop； decline； reduce
fluctuate 浮動(dòng)，搖擺不定
remained steady/stable； stay the same； little/hardly any /no change
變化程度：sudden/suddenly 突然的，意外的
rapid/rapidly 迅速的，飛快的，險(xiǎn)峻的
dramatic/dramatically 戲劇性的，生動(dòng)的
significant/significantly 有意義的，重大的，重要的
sharp/sharply 銳利的，明顯的，急劇的
steep/steeply 急劇升降的
steady/steadily 穩(wěn)固的，堅(jiān)定不移的
gradual/gradually 漸進(jìn)的，逐漸的
slow/slowly 緩慢的，不活躍的
slight/slightly輕微的、略微地
stable/stably 穩(wěn)定的
表示范圍：from XXX to XXX； between XXX and XXX； for XXX to XXX多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間直到
表示程度：almost adv. 幾乎，差不多
nearly adv. 幾乎，密切地
approximately adv. 近似的，大約
about adv. 附近， 大約，轉(zhuǎn)向，左右，周?chē)?/p>
just over 剛超過(guò)
over adv. 結(jié)束，越過(guò)，從頭到尾
exactly adv. 正確地，嚴(yán)密地
precisely adv. 正好 精確地；清晰地
比例：20 per cent 20%
one in three 1/3
one out of every four 1/4
3. 其它在描述中的常用到的詞
significant changes 圖中一些較大變化
noticeable trend 明顯趨勢(shì)
during the same period 在同一時(shí)期
grow/grew 增長(zhǎng)
distribute 分布，區(qū)別
unequally 不相等地
pronounced 明顯的
average 平均
no doubt 無(wú)疑地
corresponding adj. 相應(yīng)的，通訊的
represent vt. 闡述，表現(xiàn)
overall 總體上講
except 除外
in the case of adv. 在……的情況下
in terms of/in respect of/regarding 在……方面
in contrast 相反，大不相同
in conclusion adv. 最后，總之
in comparison 相比之下
inversely adv. 相反地，倒轉(zhuǎn)地
in general 通常，大體上，一般而言
range from
excessive adj. 過(guò)多的，過(guò)分的，額外
lower v.降低，跌落
elapse vi.（時(shí)間）過(guò)去，消逝
category n.種類(lèi)
government policy 政府政策
market forces 市場(chǎng)規(guī)率
measure n. 尺寸，方法，措施 v.估量，調(diào)節(jié)
forecast n. 先見(jiàn)，預(yù)見(jiàn) v. 預(yù)測(cè)
第三部分：段首和結(jié)尾填空式寫(xiě)法
段首句：
（一）對(duì)立觀點(diǎn)命題形式的首句：
1. Many people do not doubt that A is superior to B ， while others think quite differently on the issue of _____. Personally， I stand on the side of A .
2. Some people say A ， other people argue B . In a word ， _____. But I cannot agree this point of view for many reasons.
3. There are different views concerning this topic . Some people like to CHOOSE A ， some prefer to CHOOSE B . Personally ， I prefer B . I think B has more advantages.
4. From my point of view ， it is more advisable to CHOOSE A than to CHOOSE B . 5. Despite the fact that most people prefer A ， I would like to choose B because the following reasons .
6. In general ， I prefer to _____ .
7. As far as I am concerned ， I would like to prefer _____ .
8. When it comes to _____ ， most people tend to believe A . But others consider B as _____ .
9. When asked about _____ ， the vast majority of people would support that A . But others regard B as _____ .
10. At the risk of address the issue too direct ， I prefer A because I think that _____ .
11. When asked about _____ ， many people give their opinions that _____ ， but other people may see _____ differently .
12. When faced with _____ ， quite a few would claim that _____ ， but others ， in contrast ， deem _____ as _____ .
13. When inquired about _____ ， the vast majority of people would like to _____ ， but other people ， who hold an opposite view ， consider _____ as _____ .
14. When _____ is mentioned _____ ， most people believe that _____ ， but other people would rather think _____ as _____ .
15. While many people may stick to me idea that _____ ， I would like to prefer _____ .
（二）單一觀點(diǎn)式
A . Agree
1. One of the greatest writers once said that _____ . Now ， it still has its significant realistic values .
2. I would follow the reasoning that _____ .
3. Many people advocate that _____ . They claim that _____ . My opinion is the same as theirs in the following reasons .
4. I totally agree with the statement that _____ . The reasons are presented below .
5. After pondering this question on many occasions ， I finally reached the conclusion that _____ is something worthy to do and I cannot skip it .
6. my arguments for point are listed as follows.
7. I agree with the above statement because _____ .
8. Nowhere in the world has the issue of _____ been so much debated like in our society .
9. I agree with the statement that _____ without reservation because _____ .
10. Thinking logically ， I can only say that the title statement is valid because _____ .
11. I fully support the statement above because I am very sure that _____ .
12. Some may hold the opinion that AAA . But others have a negative attitude . As far as I am concerned ， I agree that _____ .
13. Many one have the idea that AAA . However ， many others disagree with this argument . But both side of the problem whether _____ are supported by good reasons .
14. Recently ， it has been much debated over the problem of AAA . Those who object to AAA announce that _____ . But those who favor AAA utter a sonorous voice that _____ .
15. Recently ， there is vehement discussion on the issue of _____ . Those who criticize _____ argue that _____ . They claim that _____ . But people who firmly advocate _____ ， on the other hand ， argue that _____ .
16. There is a much-debated problem today about _____ . Those who object to _____ argue that _____ . They are very sure about _____ . But people who prefer _____ ， on the other hand ， claim that _____ .
B . Disagree
1. Until recently ， _____ was viewed as _____ . But people are taking a fresh look at it .
2. Recently ， we often hear about _____ . But is it ？
3. These days ， it is often heard about _____ . But is this really the truth ？
4. I feel such an attitude is negative ， and that it can bring _____.
5. Some people argue as if it is a general truth that _____ . But to be frank ， I cannot agree with them for the flowing reasons .
6. Despite the fact that many people believe that _____ ， I doubt whether the argument can bear much analysis .
7. Although some people hold the opinion that _____ ， I wonder whether the argument could bear close examination .
8. In the nationwide ， discussion ， many people argue that _____ . But I can say nothing but _____ .
9. Advocates of AAA proclaim that _____ ， but I _____ .
10. Until recently ， _____ was regarded as _____ . But _____ .
11. Some people think that _____ ， but I disagree with this opinion for numerous reasons ， as presented below .
12. Now ， it is increasingly mentioned that _____ . Such people think _____ . But I can only cast doubt on whether _____ .
13. Now ， it is widely believed that _____ . These people think _____ . But I wonder if _____ .
14. I cannot totally the idea that _____ . Because ， in my point of view ， I believe _____ .
15. As a matter of fact ， I support that _____ ， but I cannot agree with the title statement .
16. Nowadays ， it is widely held that _____ . People of this kind think _____ .But I doubt whether _____ .
結(jié)尾句：
1. Taking into account of all these factors ， we may reach the conclusion that _____ .
2. All reliable evidences point to one saying ， that is _____ .
3. For the reasons presented above ， I strongly commit to the notion that _____ .
4. While it is true that _____ ， I think that _____ .
5. Given the factors I have just outlined ， I can only say that _____ .
6. This is not to say that _____ . But in terms of _____ ， it is _____ .
7. Therefore ， it is easy to draw the conclusion that _____ .
8. Recognizing the fact that _____ should drive us to conclude that _____ .
9. To put all into a nutshell ， I _____ .
10. In a word ， I support the statement that it is better to _____ because
第四部分：起始和擴(kuò)展段落的句式
1.起始段首句常用句式
A proverb says：…… 有句諺語(yǔ)說(shuō)：……
As the proverb says：…… 如諺語(yǔ)說(shuō)：……
Everybody knows that…… 每個(gè)人都知道……
Generally speaking…… 一般說(shuō)來(lái)……
It can be easily proved that…… 很容易證明……
It goes without saying that…… 不用說(shuō)……
It is quite clear that……because…… 很明顯……，因?yàn)椤?/p>
It is often said that…… 人們常說(shuō)……
Many people often ask this question：…… 許多人常問(wèn)這個(gè)問(wèn)題：……
It is ture that…… ……是真實(shí)的
No one can deny that…… 誰(shuí)也不能否認(rèn)……
One thing which is equally important to the above mentioned is…… 與上述同樣重要的一件事是……
The chief reason why…… 為什么……的主要原因是……
We must recognize that…… 我們必須承認(rèn)……
There is no doubt that…… 無(wú)疑……
I''m of the opinion that…… 我認(rèn)為……
In my point of view…… 在我看來(lái)……
This can be expressed as follows…… 這可以從以下幾點(diǎn)說(shuō)明……
The reasons are presented below…… 原因例舉如下……
To take…… for an example…… 以……為例……
Therefore we should realize that…… 因此我們應(yīng)該了解……
We have reasons to believe that…… 我們有理由相信……
Now that we know that…… 既然我們知道……
What is more serious is that…… 更嚴(yán)重的是……
Anyway，I agree with the idea of…… 不管怎樣，我同意……
I side with the latter opinion…… 我同意后一個(gè)觀點(diǎn)……
2.推展段首句常用句式
Another special consideration in this case is that…… 對(duì)這個(gè)問(wèn)題的另一考慮是……
Besides，we should not neglect that…… 除此之外，我們還不能忽視……
But it is a pity that…… 但遺憾的是……
But the problem is not so simple，therefore…… 然而問(wèn)題并非如此簡(jiǎn)單，因此……
However，…… 然而……
Others may find this to be ture，but I do not，I believe that…… 在別人看來(lái)可能是對(duì)的，但我個(gè)人并不認(rèn)為如此，我認(rèn)為……
On the other hand，…… 另一方面……
Perhaps you''ll question why…… 也許你會(huì)問(wèn)為什么……
There is certain amount of truth in this，but we still have a problem…… 盡管大量事實(shí)如此，但我們還有一個(gè)疑問(wèn)……
Though we are in basic agreement with…… 雖然基本上我們同意……
What seems to be the trouble is…… 似乎困難是在……
Yet difference will be found，what is why I feel that…… 然而其中仍有差別，這也正是我們?yōu)槭裁凑J(rèn)為……
So long as you regard this as reasonable，you may…… 只要你認(rèn)為這合理，你就可以……
……should be put in the first place. ……應(yīng)放在首要位置
Next，another factor we must consider is that…… 接下來(lái)，我們必須考慮的另一因素是……
The main reason that can be seen by everyone is that…… 每個(gè)人都注意到，最主要的原因是……
What is also with noticing is that…… 另一個(gè)值得注意的是……
3.結(jié)尾段首句常用句式
In a word…… 總而言之……
In conclusion…… 由此得出結(jié)論……
On account of this we can find that…… 由此我們可以知道……
The result is depend on…… 結(jié)果視……而定
Therefore，the findings reveal the following information…… 因此，這些發(fā)現(xiàn)揭示了以下信息……
Thus，this is the reason why we must…… 因此，這就是我們?yōu)槭裁幢仨殹?/p>
To sum up…… 總而言之……
第五部分：寫(xiě)作常用詞匯及詞組
表層進(jìn)
first， firstly to begin with
second， secondly to start with
third， thirdly what's more
also and then
and equally important
besides in addition
further in the first place
still furthermore
last last but not the least
next besides
too moreover
finally
表舉例
for example for instance
to illustrate as an illustration
after all
表解釋
as a matter of fact frankly speaking
in this case namely
in other words
表總結(jié)
in summary in a word
in brief in conclusion
to conclude in fact
indeed in short
in other words of course
it is true specially
namely in all
that is to summarize
thus as has been said
altogether in other words
finally in simpler terms
in particular that is
on the whole to put it differently
therefore
表強(qiáng)調(diào)
of course indeed
above all most important
emphasis certainly in fact
表讓步
still nevertheless
in spite of all the same
even so after all
concession granted naturally
of course
表比較
in comparison likewise
similarly equally
however likewise
in the same way
表轉(zhuǎn)折
by contrast although
at the same time but
in contrast nevertheless
notwithstanding on the contrary
on the other hand otherwise
regardless still
though yet
despite the fact that even so
even though for all that
however in spite of
instead
表時(shí)間
after a while afterward
again also
and then as long as
at last at length
at that time before
besides earlier
eventually finally
formerly further
furthermore in addition
in the first place in the past
last lately
meanwhile moreover
next now
presently second
shortly simultaneously
since so far
soon still
subsequently then
thereafter too
until until now
when
英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作常用詞匯及詞組
表層進(jìn)
first， firstly to begin with
second， secondly to start with
third， thirdly what's more
also and then
and equally important
besides in addition
further in the first place
still furthermore
last last but not the least
next besides
too moreover
finally
表舉例
for example for instance
to illustrate as an illustration
after all
表解釋
as a matter of fact frankly speaking
in this case namely
in other words
表總結(jié)
in summary in a word
in brief in conclusion
to conclude in fact
indeed in short
in other words of course
it is true specially
namely in all
that is to summarize
thus as has been said
altogether in other words
finally in simpler terms
in particular that is
on the whole to put it differently
therefore
表強(qiáng)調(diào)
of course indeed
above all most important
emphasis certainly in fact
表讓步
still nevertheless
in spite of all the same
even so after all
concession granted naturally
of course
表比較
in comparison likewise
similarly equally
however likewise
in the same way
表轉(zhuǎn)折
by contrast although
at the same time but
in contrast nevertheless
notwithstanding on the contrary
on the other hand otherwise
regardless still
though yet
despite the fact that even so
even though for all that
however in spite of
instead
表時(shí)間
after a while afterward
again also
and then as long as
at last at length
at that time before
besides earlier
eventually finally
formerly further
furthermore in addition
in the first place in the past
last lately
meanwhile moreover
next now
presently second
shortly simultaneously
since so far
soon still
subsequently then
thereafter too
until until now
when
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