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英語閱讀理解細節(jié)題解題技巧
解答閱讀理解類的題目有哪些方法與技巧可以使用呢？以下是小編整理的英語閱讀理解細節(jié)題解題技巧，歡迎參考閱讀!
一、語義轉換題——跳讀查找法
這是做事實細節(jié)題最基本也是最常用的方法。在通常情況下，細節(jié)題主要考查考生對某句話或某幾句話的理解，同學們若能根據題干內容從原文中找到相關的句子，然后進行比較和分析，便可確定最佳答案。
運用跳讀查找法時，同學們要特別注意試題（包括選項）與原文之間的適當變換。根據近幾年的考題情況來看，現(xiàn)在很少有直接用原文中的句子進行考查和測試的，而通常要進行一定的處理。而這種“處理”主要就是指進行語義轉換，其中包括同義變換、概念解析、歸納事實等。請看下面的例子（重慶高考英語試題）：
“My kids really understand solar and earth-heat energy，” says a second-grade teacher in Saugus，California.“Some of them are building solar collectors for their energy course.” These young scientists are part of City Building Educational Program（CBEP），a particular program for kindergarten through twelfth grade that uses the stages of city planning to teach basic reading，writing and math skills，and more.
The children don’t just plan any city. They map and analyze（分析） the housing，energy，and transportation requirements of their own district and foretell its needs in 100 years. With the aid of an architect（建筑師） who visits the classroom once a week，they invent new ways to meet these needs and build models of their creations.“Designing buildings of the future gives children a lot of freedom，”says the teacher who developed this program.“They are able to use their own rich imagination and inventions without fear of blame，because there are no wrong answers in a future context. In fact，as the class enters the final model-building stage of the program，an elected ‘official’ and ‘planning group’ make all the design decisions for the model city，and the teacher steps back and becomes an adviser.”
CBEP is a set of activities，games and imitations that teach the basic steps necessary for problem-solving：observing，analyzing，working out possible answers，and judging them based on the children’s own standards.
1. An architect pays a weekly visit to the classroom________ .
A. to find out kids’ creative ideas B. to discuss with the teacher
C. to give children lecturesD. to help kids with their program
2. Who is the designer of the program?
A. An official.B. An architect.C. A teacher.D. A scientist.
【解題分析】
1.選 D。根據第2段中的 With the aid of an architect who visits the classroom once a week，they invent new ways to meet these needs and build models of their creations 可知答案為 D。句中的 aid 意為“幫助”，與 help 同義。
2.選 C。根據第2段中的 ... the teacher who developed this program 可知答案選 C。develop 與 design 在此大致同義。
二、生活應用題——常識理解法
生活應用題要求考生在讀懂文章的基礎上結合一定的生活常識進行判斷。不過，有趣的是，高考有時會出現(xiàn)一些“低級”常識判斷題，即無需看懂文章，也可選出最佳答案。請看一個實例（全國卷高考英語試題）：
A child’s birthday party doesn’t have to be a hassle；it can be a basket of fun，according to Beth Anaclerio，an Evaston mother of two，ages 4 and 18 months.
“Having a party at home usually requires a lot of running around on the part of the parents，and often the birthday boy or girl gets lost in wild excitement. But it really doesn’t have to be that way，”said Anaclerio. Last summer，Anaclerio and her friend Jill Carlisle，a Northbrook mother of a 2-year-old，founded a home party-planning business called“A Party in a Basket”. Their goal is to help parents and children share in the fun part of party planning，like choosing the subject or making a cake，while they take care of everything. Drawing on their experiences as mothers，they have created（制作） 10 ready-to-use，home party packages. Everything a family needs to plan a party，except the cake and ice cream，is delivered to the home in a large basket.
“Our parties are aimed for children 2 to 10，” Anaclerio said，“And they’re very interactive（互動） and creative in that they build a sense of drama based on a subject. For example，at the Soda Shoppe party the guests become waiters and waitresses and build wonderful ice cream creations.”
The standard $ 200 package for eight children includes a basket filled with invitations，gifts，games and prizes，paper goods，a party planner and the like. For more information，call Anaclerio at 708-864-6584 or Carlisle at 708-205-9141.
1.Which of the following is most likely to be a party planner?
A. B. C.D.
【解題分析】
先看四個選項（圖形）所表示的意思：選項 A 是一個記事本，左邊寫著 Date，Things to do ...，右邊寫著 People to invite...； 選項 B 是一份禮品；選項 C 是一張卡片，上面寫著 Happy Birthday；選項 D 是一份菜單，上面寫著 Potato soup 3.00...等。聰明的考生，只要注意到題干中的 a party planner，便可排除 B、C 選項，因為根據常識，它們顯然不是 planner（計劃書）。至于 A、D 兩項到底選哪項呢？兩項都有點像 planner，但仔細比較一下便可知 A 最佳。a party planner 的意思是“晚會計劃書”，根據常識，要計劃一場晚會，當然首先要明確日期（date），還要確定做些什么事（things to do）以及邀請什么人（people to invite）等；而選項D只是一份菜單，它標明的只是一些菜的價格，顯然與 a party planner 不符。
三、細節(jié)排序題——首尾定位法
這種試題要求考生根據動作發(fā)生的先后順序和句子之間的邏輯關系，找出事件發(fā)生的正確順序。同學們在做這種題時可采用“首尾定位法”，即最先找出第一個動作和最后一個動作，迅速縮小選擇范圍，從而快速選出正確答案。請看下面的例子（浙江高考英語試題）：
Fat and shy，Ben Saunders was the last kid in his class picked for any sports team.“Football，tennis，cricket—anything with a round ball，I was useless，” he says now with a laugh. But back then he was the one always made fun of in school gym classes in Devonshire，England.
It was a mountain bike he received for his 15th birthday that changed him. At first he went biking alone in a nearby forest. Then he began to ride the bike along with a runner friend. Gradually，Saunders set up his mind on building up his body，increasing his speed and strength. At the age of 18，he ran his first marathon.
The following year he met John Ridgway and was hired as an instructor at Ridgway’s school of adventure in Scotland，where he learnt about Ridgway’s cold-water exploits. Greatly interested，Saunders read all he could about North Pole explorers and adventures，then decided that this would be his future.
In 2001，after becoming a skillful skier，Saunders started his first long-distance expedition towards the North Pole. It took unbelievable energy. He suffered frostbite，ran into a polar bear and pushed his body to the limit，pulling his supply-loaded sled up and over rocky rice.
Saunders has since become the youngest person to ski alone to the North Pole，and he’s skied more of the North Pole by himself than any other British man. His old playmates would not believe the change.
Next October，Saunders，27，heads south from the coast of Antarctica to the South Pole and back，a 2900-kilometer journey that has never been completed on skis.
1.Which of the following is the correct order of the events that happened to Saunders?
a. He ran his first marathon.
b. He skied alone in the North Pole.
c. He rode his bike in a forest.
d. He planned an adventure to the South Pole.
A. a-c-d-b B. c-d-a-bC. a-c-b-dD. c-a-b-d
【解題分析】
題目要求我們按事件發(fā)生時間來進行排序。根據首尾定位法，第一步是 c. He rode his bike in a forest，最后一步是 d. He planned an adventure to the South Pole，故答案選 D。
四、尋找信息題——題干定位法
快速尋找信息題一般為功能閱讀題，主要形式有廣告、公告、演出信息、航班時間表等。做這類題時沒有必要閱讀全文，宜采用“題干定位法”。請看下面的例子（浙江高考英語試題）：
Take Action for a Better World：Volunteers Needed
Six months’ preparation in Denmark：Africa studies，team work combined with social work with risk group teenagers.
Six months’ community work in Malawi in People to People Projects：Child Aid，HIV / AIDS. Fights and Teacher Training.
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