英語詞匯小知識：不定代詞詳解
不定代詞是代詞種類中相對復(fù)雜的一種，數(shù)量較多且很多詞意思幾乎相同但修飾不同類型的名詞，因此學(xué)習(xí)者們很容易混淆使用，犯低級錯誤導(dǎo)致不必要的丟分。不定代詞在各類考試中都是考查的重點，所以小編這次就為大家?guī)聿欢ù~的講解，希望能給各位學(xué)習(xí)者們提供幫助。
1.定義： 不定代詞是不指明代替任何特定名詞或形容詞的代詞。
2.種類：英語中不定代詞數(shù)量非常多
some（something，somebody，someone，somewhere）
any（anything，anybody，anyone，anywhere）
no（nothing，nobody，no one）
every（everything，everybody，everyone，everywhere）
all，each，both，much，many，（a）little
�。╝）few，other（s），another，none，one，either， neither
and so on.
3.用法比較：
�、� some和any：兩者都是“一些”的意思，都可和可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞連用。some一般用于肯定句中或表示請求意義的疑問句；而any則用于否定句、疑問句或條件從句中.
eg.Tom has some picture books
Have you any questions？
Why don’t you bring some flowers?
�、� few 與 little：few和a few 后接復(fù)數(shù)名詞，而little和a little后接不可數(shù)名詞。few 和 little表示數(shù)量很少或幾乎沒有，強(qiáng)調(diào)“少”，含有否定意義，a few 和 a little 則表示數(shù)量雖然少但畢竟還有，強(qiáng)調(diào)“有”，含有肯定意義。
eg.He knew few of them.
I have only a few of pens.
He knew little about it.
There is still a little water in the bottle.
�、� all, every, each：all 強(qiáng)調(diào)整體地考慮總體，every 強(qiáng)調(diào)考慮總體中的所有成員(與all很接近,但all通常與復(fù)數(shù)名詞搭配，every通常與單數(shù)名詞搭配)，each則強(qiáng)調(diào)逐個逐個地考慮總體，all和each既可單獨使用，也可后接名詞，還可后接of短語，而every 后必須接名詞，既不能單獨使用也不能后接 of 短語，each 指兩者或兩者以上的“每個”，every指三者或三者以上“每個”。
eg. All of us need to sit down．
Each of us has a book.
Every kid like chocolate.
�、� both，neither，either：both指兩者，帶有肯定意譯，neither指兩者，帶有否定意義,either指兩者中的任何一個。
eg. Both of us can speak Chinese.
She can't sing，neither (can) he.
Either of them will help us.
好了以上就是小編為大家?guī)淼牟欢ù~總結(jié)歸納，內(nèi)容是不是非常豐富呢？大家有沒有全部記住呢？學(xué)習(xí)不定代詞的重點就在于辨析意思相近的代詞，只要能掌握各個詞的特點，清楚的區(qū)分它們不同的作用和修飾方法，就能慢慢地走上正軌了。
不定代詞定語從句
一、不定代詞定語從句用法
在限制性定語從句中,當(dāng)先行詞指人時,關(guān)系詞可用who(作賓語是還可用whom)或that,二者�？苫Q.
但在下列情況中,用who(m),而不用that：
(1) 當(dāng)先行詞是one,ones,any,few,anyone,anybody,someone,somebody,everyone,
everybody等詞時.如：
Is there anyone who can answer this question?
He was among the few who managed to live through the enemy prison camp.
注：在非正式文體中可以說：You’re the one that knows where to go.)
(2) 當(dāng)先行詞是he,they,those,people,person等詞時.如：
He who wants to catch fish just not mind getting wet.
Those who are against the proposal put up your hands.
注：在固定結(jié)構(gòu)的諺語或習(xí)語中,可用he that….如：
He that promises too much means nothing.
(3) 當(dāng)先行詞有較長的后置定語修飾時.如：
Do you know the writer in blue with thick glasses who is speaking at the meeting?
(4) 在分隔式定語從句中,若先行詞指人,為了明確修飾關(guān)系,應(yīng)當(dāng)用who(m).如：
A new master will came tomorrow who will teach you German.
There’s only one student in the school who/whom I wanted to see.
I was the only person in my office who was invited.
(5) 兩個定語從句同時修飾一個指人的先行詞,第二個定語從句常用who(m)來引導(dǎo),如：
She is the only girl I know who can play the guitar.
二、定語從句用法歸納
定語從句由關(guān)系代詞who、whom、whose、which、what、as和關(guān)系副詞where、when、why等引導(dǎo)，但須記住：
1.what不能引導(dǎo)定語從句.
2.關(guān)系詞的分析須考慮它在定語從句中的成分。
一.指人的關(guān)系代詞有who、whose、whom、that. 試分析：
The old man who/whom /that we visited yesterday is a famous artist.
Miss Wang is taking care of the child whose parents have gone to Beijing .
The man with whom my father shook hands just now is our headmaster. (=The man who/whom that my father shook hands with just now is our headmaster.)注：
A. 指人時有時只用who不宜用that。
1.先行詞為one、ones或anyone
(1)The comrade I want to learn from is the one who studies hard and works hard.
(2)Anyone who breaks the law should be punished.
2.先行詞為these時
These who are going to Beijing are the best students of our school.
3.在there be 開頭的句子中
There is a student who wants to see you.
4.一個句子中帶有兩個定語從句，其中一個定語從句的關(guān)系代詞是that，另一個宜用who，以免重復(fù)。
The student that won the first prize is the monitor who works hards.
5.在非限制性定語從句中
A。I met a friend of mine in the street, who had just come from Japan.
B.主句以who開頭的句子中,只用that,不用who。
二.指物的關(guān)系代詞有which、whose(=of which)、that. 試分析：
1. I like the books which / that were written by Lu Xun.
2. The desks (which/that) we made last year were very good.
3. This is the house in which we lived last year. (= This is the house which /that we lived in last year.)
4. I live in the room whose windows face south. (= I live in the room ,the windows of which face south.)
注：
A. 介詞如果位于作為其賓語的關(guān)系代詞之前時，只能用whom、 which不能用who或that.
(1). The girl about whom they were talking is our monitor.
(2). The book in which there are many interesting things was written by Li Ming.
B. 部分短語動詞中的介詞不可與動詞拆開，在定語從句中其介詞不可前置，只能放在其動詞之后。
Is this the book which she is looking for?
The old man who/whom they are waiting for is Professor Li.
The child who/whom she is looking after is Wang Ping’s son.
C. 指物時，下列情況下只能用that ，不宜用which。
(1)先行詞為不定代詞，如All、much、anything、everything、nothing、something、none、the one等。
We are willing to do anything that is good to the people.
I have told them all (that) I know.
All that can be done has been done.
(2)先行詞是序數(shù)詞或被序數(shù)詞、修飾時。
The first book that I read last night was an English novel.
(3)先行詞是形容詞最高級或被最高級修飾時。
This is one of the most interesting films that I have ever seen.
This is the best that can be done now.
(4)如果有兩個或兩個以上分別表示人和物的先行詞時(先行詞既有人又有物)，定語從句的關(guān)系代詞用which和who都不合適，只能用that。
We know nothing about the doctors and the hospitals that you are talking about.
There are sheep and men that can be seen on the hill.
(5)如果先行詞被the only、the very、the last、the same、any、 few 、little、no、 all 、one of、 just修飾時。
This is the only book that can be lent to you.
(6)當(dāng)主句是以which開頭的特殊問句時，關(guān)系代詞只用that。
Which is the dictionary that he used yesterday ?
D.只物時，下列情況下只能用which，不宜用that。
(1)關(guān)系代詞放在介詞之后
This is the factory in which we once worked.
(2)非限制性定語從句中
This is the book, which is written by Lu Xun.
(3)that，Those作主語時
Those which are on the desk are English books.
E.先行詞前有such、the same、 as時, 關(guān)系代詞用as，不用that, 但the same…as…表示同樣的, the same…that…表示同一的
He knows as many people as are present at the meeting.
Such people as you refer to are rare nowadays.
三.比較When/which、where /which、why.
which I still never forget.
This is the day when I joined the party.
which he spent reading the books.
where I found the book.
which makes machines.
This is the place which we once visited.
which I will never forget.
which I am looking for.
限制性定語從句與非限制性定語從句的區(qū)別：
限制性定語從句
非限制性定語從句
All the students who study hard have passed.學(xué)習(xí)努力的學(xué)生都考試及格了。(只有努力的及格了，不努力的沒及格。) All the students ,who study hard have passed.所有的學(xué)生都及格了，他們學(xué)習(xí)努力。(沒有人不及格，這些學(xué)生都很努力。)
從句是先行詞不可缺少的定語(如去掉，主句意思就不完整或不正確。) 從句是對先行詞的附加說明(如去掉，主句意思仍清楚，不受影響。) 與主句關(guān)系密切，不用逗號 與主句關(guān)系不十分密切，用逗號與主句隔開譯為漢語時，從句譯在先行詞前，與先行詞用“的”連接 譯為漢語時，從句放在主句后面關(guān)系代詞that可以代替who、whom(指人)、which(指物) 關(guān)系代詞不用that,只用who、whom(指人)、which(指物) 關(guān)系代詞代替賓語時可以省略 關(guān)系代詞不能省略關(guān)系代詞as和which
先研究下面兩個例句：
○1.This elephant is like a snake, as /which everybody can see. =As everybody can see, this elephant is like a snake. 任何人都看得出來，這頭象像條蛇。
○2.Tom didn’t pass the physics exam, which made his parents very angry. Tom物理考試不及格，這使得他父親很生氣。
這兩個例句中，as和which所代表的都是整個主句所表示的內(nèi)容。但有兩點不同之處：
1. 在形式上as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句可位于主句的后面，也可位于主句的前面;而which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句只能位于主句的后面，不能位于主句的前面。
2. 在意義上，as引導(dǎo)的定語從句和主句的關(guān)系一般為一致關(guān)系，常譯為“正如……”，“就像……”，而which引導(dǎo)的定語從句和主句的關(guān)系是因果關(guān)系，或which引導(dǎo)的定語從句是對主句的評論。因此，在意思通順的情況下，which可代替as，而as許多時候不能代替which，如句○2。再如：
1.He was late again, as / which we had expected. =As we had expected, he was late again. 正如我們所料，他又遲到了。/他又遲到了這是我們早就料到的。
2. The street hasn’t been cleared for weeks, which makes it very dirty. 街道好多星期沒有打掃了，因此整條街很臟。(不用as)
3.The young man cheated his friend of much money, which was disgraceful. 那年輕人詐騙了他朋友許多錢財，這是不光彩的。(不 用as)
4.He takes exercise everyday, which has done a lot of good to his health. 他每天運(yùn)動，這對他的身體很有好處。(不用as)
5.As has already been pointed out, English is rather difficult for a foreigner. 正如已經(jīng)指出的那樣，英語對于初學(xué)者說，是相當(dāng)難學(xué)的。在such…as…、the same…as…、 as…、 as many…/much as…等結(jié)構(gòu)中,as不能用which代替。如：
1.Such books as this are too difficult for beginners. 這樣的書對于初學(xué)的人來說是太難了。
=Books such as this are …
=Books like this are …
2.I live in the same building as he (does). 我和他住再同一座大樓里。
3.He knows as many people as are present at the meeting. 他認(rèn)識所有到會的人。
4.That day we all got up early as usual. 那天我們和平時一樣，都起得很早。
“One of the +復(fù)數(shù)名詞”后面定語從句中謂語單復(fù)數(shù)情況
如果one of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞這一結(jié)構(gòu)前面帶有the only、the very之類的限定語，后面定語從句的謂語動詞則要用單數(shù)形式，這是因為定語從句在意義上修飾的是而不是那個復(fù)數(shù)名詞。如：
1.He is the only one of the teachers who knows French in our school.( 修飾the only one)
He is one of the teachers who know French in our school.( 修飾the teachers)
2.This is the only one of the rooms that is free now. (修飾the only one)
This is one of the rooms that are free now. (修飾rooms)
as與which引導(dǎo)的定語從句
兩者均可引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，有時可以互換，但下列情況多用as。
1. 關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句居句首時。 As we all know, the earth is round.
2. 當(dāng)與such或the same連用時，一般用as。 Such books as you tell me are interesting. I have the same plan as you.
3. 當(dāng)從句和主句語義一致時，用as，反之則用which。 She has married again, as was expected. She has married again, which was unexpected.
4. as在從句中作主語時，后面常接行為動詞的被動語態(tài)，如be known，be said，be reported等，如從句中行為動詞是主動語態(tài)，一般要用which作主語。
She has been late again, as was expected.
Tom has made great progress, which made us happy.
定語從句不定代詞
定語從句不定代詞用法
1、先行詞是最高級或被最高級修飾.
This is the most interesting book that l have ever read.
2、先行詞是序數(shù)詞或被序數(shù)詞修飾.
The second foreign country that l expect to visit is Greek.
3、先行詞是不定代詞時,如"all、few、little、much、anything、nothing、something"
This is the very good dictionary that I want to buy.
4.、先行詞既有人又有物時
Can you remember the scientist and his theory that we have learned?
5、先行詞被“only”、“the every”、“no”、“one of”等修飾
He is the only person that l want to talk to.
6、在以“which”、“who”、“whom” 引起的問句中,為避免重復(fù),常用"that"
Who is the man that is standing there?Which is the T-shirt that fits me most?
7、“there be”句型中
8、先行詞在主句中作表語,或者關(guān)系代詞本身作從句的表語時宜用“that”
“that”在作賓語時可省略.
關(guān)系代詞的用法注意事項
(1)當(dāng)定語從句中含有介詞，介詞放在句末時，who，whom，that， which可省略，但介詞在關(guān)系代詞前時，只能用“介詞+which/whom”結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：
This is the house in which we lived last year.
這是我們?nèi)ツ昃幼〉姆孔印?/p>
Please tell me from whom you borrowed the English novel.請告訴我你從誰那借的這本英文小說。
(2)含有介詞的固定動詞詞組中，介詞不可前置，只能放在原來的位置上。例如：
This is the person whom you are looking for.
這就是你要找的那個人。
(3)that 作介詞的賓語時，介詞不能放它的前面，只能放在從句中動詞的后面。例如：
The city that she lives in is very far away.
她居住的城市非常遠(yuǎn)。
(4)關(guān)系詞只能用that的情況：
a. 先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級所修飾，或本身是序數(shù)詞、基數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級時，只能用that，而不用which.例如：
He was the first person that passed the exam.
他是第一個通過考試的人。
b. 被修飾的先行詞為all， any， much， many， everything， anything， none， the one等不定代詞指物時，只能用that，而不用which.例如：
Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop?
你在商店里有什么東西要買嗎?
c. 先行詞被the only， the very， the same， the last， little， few 等詞修飾時，只能用that，而不用which.例如：
This is the same bike that I lost.
這就是我丟的那輛自行車。
d. 先行詞里同時含有人或物時，只能用that， 而不用which.例如：
I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.
我能清楚記得我在那個房間所見到的人和一些照片。
e. 以who或which引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問句，為避免重復(fù)，只能用that.例如：
Who is the girl that is crying?
正在哭泣的.那個女孩是誰?
f. 主句是there be 結(jié)構(gòu)，修飾主語的定語從句用that，而不用which，例如：
There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom.
桌子上那本書是湯姆的。
(5)關(guān)系詞只能用which，而不用that 的情況：
a. 先行詞為that， those時，用which， 而不用that.例如：
What’s that which is under the desk?
在桌子底下的那些東西是什么?
b. 關(guān)系代詞前有介詞時，which，而不用that.例如：
This is the room in which he lives.
這是他居住的房間。
c. 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，先行詞指事物時，用which， 而不用that，例如：
Tom came back， which made us happy.
湯姆回來了，這使我們很高興。
不定代詞后定語從句
1、先行詞為 all , much, everything, nothing ,something ,anything, nothing, none, the one等不定代詞時
2、先行詞被only, any, few, little, no , all, just , very ,right等修飾時.
3、 當(dāng)先行詞是最高級或被形容詞最高級修飾時。
4、 當(dāng)先行詞是序數(shù)詞或被序數(shù)詞修飾時。
5、當(dāng)先行詞是數(shù)詞時.
6、 當(dāng)先行詞既指人又指物時。
7、如有兩個定語從句，其中一個關(guān)系代詞已用which，另一個關(guān)系代詞則宜用 that。
8、主句是There be結(jié)構(gòu),修飾其主語的定語從句宜用that 作關(guān)系代詞。
9、被修飾成分為表語,或者關(guān)系代詞本身是定語從句的表語時，該關(guān)系代詞宜用that。
10、先行詞為what，關(guān)系代詞用that。
11、有時為了避免重復(fù)而使用that引導(dǎo)定語從句。
托�？荚嚳荚囍胁欢ù~的用法
不定代詞(Indefinite Pronoun)的用法：
不定代詞:凡不是用來指明代替任何特定名詞的代詞叫做不定代詞。不定代詞代替名詞或形容詞.在句中可用作主語,賓語，表語和定語。
1.不定代詞包括：
all , both, every, each, either, neither, more, little, few, much, many, another, other, some, any , one, no
以及some, something, anything, everything, somebody, someone, anybody, anyone, nothing , nobody,
no one, none, everybody, everyone.等。
2.不定代詞用法為：(☆☆☆☆☆重要考點)
不定代詞+(of +限定詞)+名詞
注意：of后一定要有限定詞��！這是托福語法中的重要考點both, all可以直接接限定詞the！
3.all與both的用法
1) all都，指三者以上。both都，指兩者
2) all的主謂一致：all的單復(fù)數(shù)由它所修飾或指代的名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)決定。
both與復(fù)數(shù)動詞連用，但bothand可與單數(shù)名詞連用與。
All goes well.一切進(jìn)展得很好。
3) all通常不與可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)連用，如：不說all the book，而說the whole book。
但all可與表時間的可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)連用，如all day，all night，all the year；但習(xí)慣上不說all hour，all century。
all還可以與一些特殊的單數(shù)名詞連用，如all China，all the city，all my life，all the way。
4)both, all都可作同位語，其位置在行為動詞前，be動詞之后。如果助動詞或情態(tài)動詞后面的實義動詞省去，則位于助動詞或情態(tài)動詞之前。
Who can speak Japanese?We both (all) can.
5) all/any/none
all (所有的，全部的人或物)，any (任何一個)，none (都不)。以上詞使用范圍為三者以上。
All the flowers are gone.所有的花都謝了。
I dont like any of the flowers.這些花我都不喜歡。
I like none of the flowers.這些花我都不喜歡。
注意：all與none用法一樣。跟單數(shù)名詞，用單數(shù)動詞；跟復(fù)數(shù)名詞，用復(fù)數(shù)動詞。
All of the students are there.所有的學(xué)生都在那。
All (of) the milk is there.所有的牛奶都在那。
3.every和each的用法(☆☆☆重要考點)
1)every強(qiáng)調(diào)全體的概念，each強(qiáng)調(diào)個體概念。
Every student in our school works hard.我們學(xué)校的學(xué)生都很用功。
Each student may have one book..每個學(xué)生都可有一本書。
2)every指三個以上的人或物(含三個)，each指兩個以上的人或物(含兩個)。
3)every只作形容詞，不可單獨使用。each可作代詞或形容詞。
Every student has to take one.
Each boy has to take one.
Each of the boys has to take one.
4)every不可以作狀語，each可作狀語。
5)every有反復(fù)重復(fù)的意思，如every two weeks等；each沒有。
6)every與not連用，表示部分否定；each和not連用表示全部否定。
Every man is not honest.并非每個人都誠實。
Each man is not honest.這兒每個人都不誠實。
4.neither與nor的用法
1)如前句是否定式從句，則主句用neither，而不用nor。
If you dont do it，neither should I.如果你不干，我也不干。
2)如后連續(xù)有幾個否定句式，則用nor，不用neither。
He cant sing，nor dance，nor skate.
5.代詞比較one，that和it(☆☆☆重要考點)
1)one表示泛指，that和it表示特指。that與所指名詞為同類，但不是同一個，而it與所指名詞為同一個。
I cant find my hat. I think I must buy one.(不定)
我找不到我的帽子了。我想我該去買一頂。
The hat you bought is bigger than that I bought.(同類但不同個)你買的那頂帽子比我買的大。
I cant find my hat. I don t know where I put it.(同一物)我找不到我的帽子。我不知道我把它放在哪了
6.one/another/the other的用法
onethe other只有兩個
somethe others有三個以上
oneanother，another
someothers，others
others = other people/things
the others = the rest剩余的全部
1)泛指另一個用another。
2)一定范圍內(nèi)兩人(物)，一個用one，另一個用the other。
3)一定范圍內(nèi)三者，一個用one，另一個用one (another)，第三個可用the other，a third。
4)一定范圍內(nèi)，除去一部分人/物，剩余的全部用the others。
5)泛指別的人或物時，用others當(dāng)在一定范圍內(nèi)，除去一部分后，剩余部分但不是全部時，也用others。
7.anyone/any one；no one/none的用法
1) anyone和any one
anyone僅指人，any one既可指人，也可指物。
2) no one和none
a)none后跟of短語，既可指人又可指物，而no one只單獨使用，只指人。
b)none作主語，謂語動詞用單，復(fù)數(shù)均可，而no one作主語謂語動詞只能是單數(shù)。
None of you could lift it.你們中沒有人可舉起它。
---- Did any one call me up just now?--剛才有人打電話給我嗎?
---- No one.--沒有。
8. few, little, a few, a little的用法
1)(a) few +可數(shù)名詞, (a) little +不可數(shù)名詞
2)a few / a little為肯定含義，還有一點
3)few / little為否定含義，沒有多少了。
He has a few friends.他有幾個朋友。
He has few friends.他幾乎沒有朋友。
We still have a little time.我們還有點時間。
There is little time left.幾乎沒剩下什么時間了。
4)固定搭配:
only a few (=few)not a few (=many)quite a few (=many)
many a (=many)
Many books were sold.
Many a book was sold.
賣出了許多書。
9many, much的用法
Many，much都意為許多，many +可數(shù)名詞，much +不可數(shù)名詞。
How many people are there at the meeting?
How much time has we left?
Many of the workers were at the meeting.
Much of the time was spent on learning
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