英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作指導(dǎo)：書(shū)信的種類(lèi)
英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作中，書(shū)信是很重要的文體，那么英語(yǔ)書(shū)信寫(xiě)作的種類(lèi)有哪些呢？下面就來(lái)和小編一起看看吧。
—、書(shū)信寫(xiě)作要求
書(shū)信(Letter)一般可分為事務(wù)信件或公函(Business Letter or Offical Correspondence)以及私人信件(Private Letter)兩大類(lèi)。一般包括以下幾個(gè)要點(diǎn)：
1） 收信人的姓名和地址；
2） 寄信人的姓名及其與收信人的關(guān)系；
3） 寄信人的地址（有時(shí)可以省略）；
4） 寫(xiě)信的時(shí)間；
5） 信的內(nèi)容。
二、書(shū)信的格式
1） 信頭(Heading)；
2） 稱(chēng)呼(Salutation)；
3） 正文(Body of the letter)；
4） 結(jié)束語(yǔ)(Complimentary close)；
5） 簽名(signature)。
三、書(shū)信的種類(lèi)
1） 邀請(qǐng)信
邀請(qǐng)信有正式和非正式之分，也有介于兩者之間者。正式邀請(qǐng)信一般屬于公函類(lèi)，私人邀請(qǐng)信一般屬于非正式文體。邀請(qǐng)朋友、熟人參加某一聚會(huì)時(shí)，再詞句上不一 定多加斟酌，用詞太正規(guī)倒顯得關(guān)系不密切。但是如果與被邀請(qǐng)人不太熟悉的話，最好用正式文體。如雖認(rèn)識(shí)但并不十分了解，文體可介于兩個(gè)者之間。由此可見(jiàn)， 私人邀請(qǐng)究竟用什么文體，關(guān)鍵看與被邀請(qǐng)人之間的親疏的程度。邀請(qǐng)信要明確寫(xiě)出活動(dòng)（是晚會(huì)、晚餐還是一般的聚會(huì)等）、活動(dòng)的時(shí)間地點(diǎn)組織這項(xiàng)活動(dòng)的理 由，有時(shí)還應(yīng)告訴對(duì)方可能出席的人，另外一般希望對(duì)方給予答復(fù)。
�。�1） 非正式邀請(qǐng)信，如：
26 Coventry St.London
Sept. 15th, 1999.
Dear Jack,
I am going to the cinema to see the Red River Valley and I have two tickets. Would you like to come? The film starts at 7:30 p.m. Maybe we can meet at the Covent Garden Station at 7:00 p.m. and have a drink before the film starts. Please phone me at home to let me know.
Looking forward to seeing you.
Love
Mary
這封信是寫(xiě)給朋友的，所以用語(yǔ)比較隨便，比較口語(yǔ)化。
（2） 正式邀請(qǐng)信，如：
Dear Ms. Gupta,
It's our great pleasure to announce that Jan. 19th is the 3rd anniversary of the founding of our corporation. We have a small party as follows: 7:00p.m.,Jan. 19th, Room No.123, Kunlun Hotel. At this moment, we would like to express our sincere gratitude to our clients for both courtesy and support over the past three years. Please confirm if you plant to attend.
Yours Sincerely,
Lewis
這是一封正式邀請(qǐng)信，十分正規(guī)，無(wú)論從句式，還是用語(yǔ)都十分講究。
（3）介于正式和非正式之間的邀請(qǐng)信，如：
No.4 Middle School
Beijing 100034
April 29th,2000
Dear Miss Katherine,
I am very pleased to write to you. My name is Yu Hong and I am monitor of Class One, Grade Three of the No.2 Middle School of Ji'nan. Last year, you came here to give a speech, which was "Fast Reading". My classmates and I all thank you very much. We will have an English evening at 7:00--9:00 on the evening of May 4th in our classroom. Would you please come and attend the evening party? At the party, we will sing English songs, play games and so on. And we are anxious to invite you to come to sing us an English song. After that we can enjoy the music. We hope to see you soon.
Yours
Yu Hong
這封信是寫(xiě)給一位外籍教師的，這位外籍教師曾經(jīng)到過(guò)這所學(xué)校，雖然作者認(rèn)識(shí)，但并不十分了解。
2）感謝信
感謝信可分為感謝饋贈(zèng)、感謝款待、感謝幫助、感謝送行和感謝探病等。
感謝信一般包括以下幾點(diǎn)：
�、賹�(duì)收信人的.稱(chēng)謂；
�、趯�(xiě)信的目的；（Thank you for…）
�、壑轮x并詳述所收到的禮物或得到的幫助等；
④結(jié)尾及謙稱(chēng)。
3）求職信
求職信屬于公務(wù)信函，格式和用詞比較規(guī)。信的內(nèi)容大體上分為三部分：
①寫(xiě)信的目的，
�、谧晕医榻B，
�、垡蟆�
注意下面幾點(diǎn)：
�、賹�(xiě)信的目的要直截了當(dāng)?shù)卦谛诺拈_(kāi)頭提出。
�、谧晕医榻B部分主要介紹自己的學(xué)歷、工作經(jīng)歷、解決問(wèn)題的能力等等。在行文、用詞上要表現(xiàn)出自信、懇切的態(tài)度，語(yǔ)言簡(jiǎn)明扼要，突出介紹自己的優(yōu)點(diǎn)，與眾不同的特長(zhǎng)或有利條件。還要緊扣用人單位的需求，巧用詞語(yǔ)，有國(guó)地說(shuō)服對(duì)方，此職非你莫屬。
�、圩詈筇岢鲞M(jìn)一步聯(lián)系的途徑，如：時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)。還可以主動(dòng)提出接受面試或考核等。
�、芮舐毿旁趯�(xiě)作特點(diǎn)上主要用第一人稱(chēng)以及動(dòng)詞的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。如：
Ms Li Ling
P.O.Box 231
Beijing
July 10,1999
Dear sir(s),
I have just read in the newspaper that a secretary of the English language in wanted in your company. I am therefore writing to you to introduce myself. I'd like to get the job. I am a girl college student of 22 years old. My name is Li Ling. I am studying in the language department. I can speak, read and write English very well. As a second language, I can read and speak a little French. I have some work experience as a typist in my spare time at school, and as a tourist guide during summer holidays. The bosses I worked for were all satisfied with my work. I am sure I'll satisfy you as well. You can get more information about my studies and work from the college. I am looking forward to visiting your office at any time for a talk or a test.
Faithfully
Li Ling
4）回信
寫(xiě)回信時(shí)應(yīng)特別注意正確理解寫(xiě)信人的意圖、所提問(wèn)題、必須對(duì)寫(xiě)信人的問(wèn)題給予明確的答復(fù)。如下例：
No.1 Middle School of Nanjing,
Jiangsu, China
Jan.23rd, 2000
Dear Jack,
Thanks for your letter. Yes, I have some difficulty in learning English. For example, I can't tell the difference between written English and spoken English. Sometimes I often make mistakes while speaking to others. I want to improve my spoken English. But I don't know how. Would you please give me some advice? As you say, it is really difficult to write toe Chinese characters, but don't worry about it. Have you considered doing plenty of practice? And I suggest you write them as much as possible. I think it will be of great help. I'm looking forward to hearing from you again.
Best wishes.
Yours
Li Ling
原信中作者問(wèn)到英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)的情況，同時(shí)征求學(xué)習(xí)漢語(yǔ)的建議并談到自己在學(xué)習(xí)漢語(yǔ)的過(guò)程中遇到的問(wèn)題�；匦胖凶髡邔�(duì)來(lái)信中的問(wèn)題作了詳細(xì)的回答并給出了建設(shè)性的建議。
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