六年級(jí)下學(xué)期英語常用詞匯
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一、名詞復(fù)數(shù)規(guī)則
1. 一般情況下，直接加-s，
如：book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds
2. 以s. x. sh. ch結(jié)尾，加-es，
如：bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches
3. 以“輔音字母 y”結(jié)尾，變y為i, 再加-es，
如：family-families, strawberry-strawberries
4. 以“f或fe”結(jié)尾，變f或fe為v, 再加-es，
如：knife-knives Leaf——leaves
5.不規(guī)則名詞復(fù)數(shù)：
man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen,
child-children
foot-feet,.tooth-teeth
fish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese
補(bǔ)充：photos 因?yàn)閜hoto是photograph的簡(jiǎn)寫。 復(fù)數(shù)是photographs，簡(jiǎn)寫是photos。 photo 不同于以o 結(jié)尾的詞，不能套用o 結(jié)尾的詞的復(fù)數(shù)變化方法
名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式通常是在單數(shù)名詞后加s：
day，days天，白天
dog，dogs狗
house，houses房屋論壇
在詞尾p，k或f音之后加的s讀為/s/。除此之外s讀/z/。詞尾是ce，ge，se或ze的詞之后加s時(shí)，該詞的讀音要加上一個(gè)音節(jié)(/Iz/)。
其他復(fù)數(shù)形式
1、以字母o，ch，sh，ss或x結(jié)尾的單詞，在詞尾加es構(gòu)成其復(fù)數(shù)：tomato，tomatoes西紅柿 brush， brushes刷子
church，churches教堂
kiss，kisses吻
box，boxes箱，盒
但以字母o結(jié)尾的外來詞或縮寫詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式是只加s：dynamo，dynamos發(fā)電機(jī)
kilo，kilos公斤
kimono，kimonos和服
photo，photos照片
piano，pianos鋼琴
soprano，sopranos女高音歌手
詞尾是ch，sh，ss或x的詞后面加es時(shí)，該詞的讀音要加上一個(gè)音節(jié)(/Iz/)。
2、 以y結(jié)尾但y前為輔音的名詞在構(gòu)成復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)，先把y去掉再加ies：
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baby，babies嬰兒
country，countries國(guó)家
fly，flies蒼蠅
lady，ladies女士
以y結(jié)尾但y前為元音的名詞在構(gòu)成復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)，直接加s：boy，boys男孩
day，days天
donkey，donkeys驢子
guy，guys家伙
3、 有12個(gè)以f或fe結(jié)尾的名詞在構(gòu)成復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)，去掉f或fe加ves。這些詞是：
calf小牛
half半
knife刀
leaf葉子
life生命
self自身
thief賊
wife妻子
wolf狼
例如：
loaf，loaves
wife，wives
wolf，wolves
4、 有些名詞用改變無音的方法來構(gòu)成其復(fù)數(shù)形式：
foot，feet，英尺，腳
man，men男人
mouse， mice老鼠
tooth，teeth牙齒
woman，women女人
但是，child的復(fù)數(shù)是children
5、 名詞fish通常沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式，雖然有fishes這一形式，但不常用。
deer(鹿)和sheep(羊)沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式：
6、集合名詞如crew，family，team等用單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)動(dòng)詞都可以;如果認(rèn)為這個(gè)詞表示的是一個(gè)群體或單位，可用單數(shù)動(dòng)詞：
Our team is the best.
我們這個(gè)隊(duì)是最好的。
如果認(rèn)為它表示的是這個(gè)隊(duì)的所有成員，就用復(fù)數(shù)動(dòng)詞：
Our team are wearing their new jerseys.
我們這個(gè)隊(duì)的隊(duì)員們都穿著新運(yùn)動(dòng)衫。
寫出下列各詞的`復(fù)數(shù)
I ( we ) him ( them ) this ( these ) her ( their )
watch ( watches ) child ( children ) photo (photographs / photos ) diary (diaries )
day ( days ) foot ( feet ) book ( books ) dress ()
tooth ( teeth ) sheep ( sheep )
man ( men ) woman ( women )
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二、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)
一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)基本用法介紹
【No. 1】一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的功能
1.表示事物或人物的特征、狀態(tài)。如：The sky is blue.天空是藍(lán)色的。
2.表示經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作。如：I get up at six every day.我天天六點(diǎn)起床。
3.表示客觀現(xiàn)實(shí)。如：The earth goes around the sun.地球繞著太陽轉(zhuǎn)。
一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的構(gòu)成
1. be動(dòng)詞：主語 be(am,is,are) 其它。如：
I am a boy.我是一個(gè)男孩。
2.行為動(dòng)詞：主語 行為動(dòng)詞( 其它)。如：
We study English.我們學(xué)習(xí)英語。
當(dāng)主語為第三人稱單數(shù)(he, she,it)時(shí)，要在動(dòng)詞后加
【No. 2】一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的變化
1. be動(dòng)詞的變化。
否定句：主語 be not 其它。
如：He is not a worker.他不是工人。
一般疑問句：Be 主語 其它。
如：-Are you a student?
-Yes. I am. / No, I'm not.
非凡疑問句：疑問詞 一般疑問句。如：Where is my bike?
2.行為動(dòng)詞的變化。
否定句：主語 don't( doesn't ) 動(dòng)詞原形( 其它)。如：
I don't like bread.
當(dāng)主語為第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí)，要用doesn't構(gòu)成否定句。如：
He doesn't often play.
一般疑問句：Do( Does ) 主語 動(dòng)詞原形 其它。如：
- Do you often play football?
- Yes, I do. / No, I don't.
當(dāng)主語為第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí)，要用does構(gòu)成一般疑問句。如：
- Does she go to work by bike?
- Yes, she does. / No, she doesn't.
動(dòng)詞 s的變化規(guī)則
1.一般情況下，直接加-s，如：cook-cooks, milk-milks
2.以s. x. sh. ch. o結(jié)尾，加-es，如：guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes
3.以“輔音字母 y”結(jié)尾，變y為i, 再加-es，如：study-studies
一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)用法專練:
一、 寫出下列動(dòng)詞的第三人稱單數(shù)
drink ________ go _______ stay ________ make ________
look _________ have_______ pass_______ carry ____
come________ watch______ plant_______ fly ________
study_______ brush________ do_________ teach_______
wash_______
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二、用括號(hào)內(nèi)動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。
1. He often ________(have) dinner at home.
2. Daniel and Tommy _______(be) in Class One.
3. We _______(not watch) TV on Monday.
4. Nick _______(not go) to the zoo on Sunday.
5. ______ they ________(like) the World Cup?
6. What _______they often _______(do) on Saturdays?
7. _______ your parents _______(read) newspapers every day?
8. The girl _______(teach) us English on Sundays.
9. She and I ________(take) a walk together every evening.
10. There ________(be) some water in the bottle.
11. Mike _______(like) cooking.
12. They _______(have) the same hobby.
13. My aunt _______(look) after her baby carefully.
14. You always _______(do) your homework well.
15. I _______(be) ill. I’m staying in bed.
16. She _______(go) to school from Monday to Friday.
17. Liu Tao _______(do) not like PE.
18. The child often _______(watch) TV in the evening.
19. Su Hai and Su Yang _______(have) eight lessons this term.
20. -What day _______(be) it today?
- It’s Saturday
三、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)
1.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，也可表示當(dāng)前一段時(shí)間內(nèi)的活動(dòng)或現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。
2.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的肯定句基本結(jié)構(gòu)為be 動(dòng)詞ing.
3.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的否定句在be后加not。
4.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的一般疑問句把be動(dòng)詞調(diào)到句首。
5.動(dòng)詞加ing的變化規(guī)則
1.一般情況下，直接加ing，如：cook-cooking
2.以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾，去e加ing，如：make-making, taste-tasting
3.假如末尾是一個(gè)元音字母和一個(gè)輔音字母，雙寫末尾的輔音字母，再加ing，如：run-running, stop-stopping
現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)專項(xiàng)練習(xí)：
一、寫出下列動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞：
play________ run__________ swim _________make__________
go_________ like________ write________ _ski___________
read________ have_________ sing ________ dance_________
put_________ see________ buy _________ love____________
live_______ take_________ come ________ get_________
stop_________ sit ________ begin________ shop___________
二、用所給的動(dòng)詞的正確形式填空：
1.The boy __________________ ( draw)a picture now.
2. Listen .Some girls _______________ ( sing)in the classroom .
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3. My mother _________________ ( cook )some nice food now.
4. What _____ you ______ ( do ) now?
5. Look . They _______________( have) an English lesson .
6.They ____________(not ,water) the flowers now.
7.Look! the girls ________________(dance )in the classroom .
8.What is our granddaughter doing? She _________(listen ) to music.
9. It’s 5 o’clock now. We _____________(have)supper now
10.______Helen____________(wash )clothes? Yes ,she is .
四、將來時(shí)理論及練習(xí)
一、概念：表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)及打算、計(jì)劃或預(yù)備做某事。句中一般有以下時(shí)間狀語：tomorrow, next day(week, month, year„),soon, the day after tomorrow(后天)等。
二、基本結(jié)構(gòu)：①be going to do; ②will do.
三、否定句：在be動(dòng)詞(am, is, are)l后加not或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞will后加not成won’t。 例如：I’m going to have a picnic this afternoon.→ I’m not going to have a picnic this afternoon.
四、同義句：be going to = will
I am going to go swimming tomorrow(明天). = I will go swimming tomorrow. 練習(xí)：
填空。
1. 我打算明天和朋友去野炊。
I_____ _______ _________ have a picnic with my friends.
I ________ have a picnic with my friends.
2.我們將要學(xué)習(xí)英語
We _____ _______ _________ learn English.
We ________ learn English.
五、一般過去時(shí)
1.一般過去時(shí)表示過去某個(gè)時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，常和表示過去的時(shí)間狀語連用。一般過去時(shí)也表示過去經(jīng)常或反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。
2.Be動(dòng)詞在一般過去時(shí)中的變化：
�、臿m 和is在一般過去時(shí)中變?yōu)閣as。(was not=wasn’t)
⑵are在一般過去時(shí)中變?yōu)閣ere。(were not=weren’t)
3.句中沒有be動(dòng)詞的一般過去時(shí)的句子
否定句：didn’t 動(dòng)詞原形，如：Jim didn’t go home yesterday.
動(dòng)詞過去式變化規(guī)則：
1.一般在動(dòng)詞末尾加-ed，如：work__-worked , cook-cooked
2.結(jié)尾是e加d，如：live____lived
3.末尾只有一個(gè)元音字母和一個(gè)輔音字母的重讀閉音節(jié)，應(yīng)雙寫末尾的輔音字母，再加-ed，如：stop-stopped
4.以“輔音字母 y”結(jié)尾的，變y為i， 再加-ed，如：study-studied
5.不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞過去式：
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am,is-was, are-were, do-did, see-saw, say-said, give-gave, get-got, go-went, come-came, have-had, eat-ate, take-took, run-ran, sing-sang, put-put, make-made, read-read, write-wrote, draw-drew, drink-drank, swim-swam, sit-sat
過去時(shí)練習(xí)
寫出下列動(dòng)詞的過去式
is\am_________ plant________ are ________
drink_________ play_______ go________ make ________
does_________ dance________ worry________ ask _____
taste_________ eat__________ put ______
kick_________ pass_______ do ________
Be動(dòng)詞的過去時(shí)練習(xí)(1)
Name ____________ No. ______ Date __________
一、 用be動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空
1. I _______ at school just now.
2. He ________ at the camp last week.
3. We ________ students two years ago.
4. They ________ on the farm a moment ago.
5. Yang Ling ________ eleven years old last year.
6. There ________ an apple on the plate yesterday.
7. There ________ some milk in the fridge on Sunday.
8. The mobile phone _______ on the sofa yesterday evening.
一、用be動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空
1. I ______ an English teacher now.
2. She _______ happy yesterday.
3. They _______ glad to see each other last month.
行為動(dòng)詞的過去時(shí)練習(xí)(2)
Name ____________ No. ______ Date __________
一、用be動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空
1. I ______ (watch) a cartoon on Saturday.
2. Her father _______ (read) a newspaper last night.
3. We _________ to zoo yesterday, we _____ to the park. (go)
4. ______ you _______ (visit) your relatives last Spring Festival?
5. ______ he _______ (fly) a kite on Sunday? Yes, he ______.
6. Gao Shan _______ (pull) up carrots last National Day holiday.
7. I ____________ (sweep) the floor yesterday, but my mother ______.
8. What ______ she _______ (find) in the garden last morning? She __________ (find) a beautiful butterfly.
六、人稱代詞和物主代詞
主格 賓格 形容詞性 名詞性
I me my mine
you you youryours
he him his his
she her her hers
itit its its
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we us our ours
they them theirtheirs
習(xí)題
一.用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空
1. That is not _________ kite. That kite is very small, but _________ is very big. ( I )
2. The dress is _________. Give it to _________. ( she )
3. Is this _________ watch? (you) No, it’s not _________ . ( I )
4. _________ is my brother. _________ name is Jack. Look! Those stamps are _________. ( he )
二、用am, is, are 填空
1. I ______ a boy. ______ you a boy? No, I _____ not.
2. The girl______ Jack's sister.
3. The dog _______ tall and fat.
4. The man with big eyes _______ a teacher.
5. ______ your brother in the classroom?
6. Where _____ your mother? She ______ at home.
7. How _______ your father?
8. Mike and Liu Tao ______ at school.
9. Whose dress ______ this?
10. Whose socks ______ they?
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