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雅思考試閱讀模擬試題及答案解析四
在平時(shí)的學(xué)習(xí)、工作中，我們會(huì)經(jīng)常接觸并使用試題，試題可以幫助參考者清楚地認(rèn)識(shí)自己的知識(shí)掌握程度。相信很多朋友都需要一份能切實(shí)有效地幫助到自己的試題吧？下面是小編整理的雅思考試閱讀模擬試題及答案解析四，僅供參考，大家一起來(lái)看看吧。
雅思考試閱讀模擬試題及答案解析四 1
Selling Digital Music without Copy-protection Makes Sense
A. It was uncharacteristically low-key for the industry’s greatest showman. But the essay published this week by Steve Jobs， the boss of Apple， on his firm’s website under the unassuming title “Thoughts on Music” has nonetheless provoked a vigorous debate about the future of digital music， which Apple dominates with its iPod music-player and iTunes music-store. At issue is “digital rights management” (DRM)—the technology guarding downloaded music against theft. Since there is no common standard for DRM， it also has the side-effect that songs purchased for one type of music-player may not work on another. Apple’s DRM system， called FairPlay， is the most widespread. So it came as a surprise when Mr. Jobs called for DRM for digital music to be abolished.
B. This is a change of tack for Apple. It has come under fire from European regulators who claim that its refusal to license FairPlay to other firms has “l(fā)ocked in” customers. Since music from the iTunes store cannot be played on non-iPod music-players (at least not without a lot of fiddling)， any iTunes buyer will be deterred from switching to a device made by a rival firm， such as Sony or Microsoft. When French lawmakers drafted a bill last year compelling Apple to open up FairPlay to rivals， the company warned of “state-sponsored piracy”. Only DRM， it implied， could keep the pirates at bay.
C. This week Mr. Jobs gave another explanation for his former defence of DRM： the record companies made him do it. They would make their music available to the iTunes store only if Apple agreed to protect it using DRM. They can still withdraw their catalogues if the DRM system is compromised. Apple cannot license FairPlay to others， says Mr Jobs， because it would depend on them to produce security fixes promptly. All DRM does is restrict consumer choice and provide a barrier to entry， says Mr Jobs; without it there would be far more stores and players， and far more innovation. So， he suggests， why not do away with DRM and sell music unprotected? “This is clearly the best alternative for consumers，” he declares， “and Apple would embrace it in a heartbeat.”
D. Why the sudden change of heart? Mr Jobs seems chiefly concerned with getting Europe’s regulators off his back. Rather than complaining to Apple about its use of DRM， he suggests， “those unhappy with the current situation should redirect their energies towards persuading the music companies to sell their music DRM-free.” Two and a half of the four big record companies， he helpfully points out， are European-owned. Mr Jobs also hopes to paint himself as a consumer champion. Apple resents accusations that it has become the Microsoft of digital music.
E. Apple can afford to embrace open competition in music players and online stores. Consumers would gravitate to the best player and the best store， and at the moment that still means Apple’s. Mr Jobs is evidently unfazed by rivals to the iPod. Since only 3% of the music in a typical iTunes library is protected， most of it can already be used on other players today， he notes. (And even the protected tracks can be burned onto a CD and then re-ripped.) So Apple’s dominance evidently depends far more on branding and ease of use than DRM-related “l(fā)ock in”.
F. The music giants are trying DRM-free downloads. Lots of smaller labels already sell music that way. Having seen which way the wind is blowing， Mr Jobs now wants to be seen not as DRM’s defender， but as a consumer champion who helped in its downfall. Wouldn’t it lead to a surge in piracy? No， because most music is still sold unprotected on CDs， people wishing to steal music already can do so. Indeed， scrapping DRM would probably increase online-music sales by reducing confusion and incompatibility. With the leading online store， Apple would benefit most. Mr Jobs’s argument， in short， is transparently self-serving. It also happens to be right.
Questions 1-7 Do the following statemets reflect the claims of the writer in Reading Passage 1?
Write your answer in Boxes 1-7 on your answer sheet.
TRUE if the statement reflets the claims of the writer
FALSE if the statement contradicts the claims of the writer
NOT GIVEN if it is impossbile to say what the writer thinks about this
1. Apple enjoys a controlling position in digital music market with its iPod music-player and iTunes music-store.
2. DRM is a government decree issued with a purpose to protect downloaded music from theft by consumers.
3. Lack of standardization in DRM makes songs bought for one kind of music player may not function on another.
4. Apple has been criticized by European regulators since it has refused to grant a license FairPlay to other firms.
5. All music can be easily played on non-iPod music devices from Sony or Microsoft without too much fiddling.
6. Apple depends far more on DRM rather than branding for its dominance of the digital music devices.
7. If DRM was cancelled， Sony would certainly dominate the international digital music market.
Questions 8-10 Choose the appropriate letters A-D and write them in boxes 8-10 on your answe sheet.
8. Which of the following statements about Mr. Jobs’ idea of DRM is NOT TRUE?
A. DRM places restrictions on consumer’ choice of digital music products available.
B. DRM comples iTunes buyers to switch to a device made by Sony or Microsoft.
C. DRM constitutes a barrier for potential consumers to enter digital music markets.
D. DRM hinders development of more stores and players and technical innovation.
9. The word “unfazed” in line 3 of paragraph E， means___________.
A. refused
B. welcomed
C. not bothered
D. not well received
10. Which of the following statements is TRUE if DRM was scapped?
A. Sony would gain the most profit.
B. More customers would be “l(fā)ocked in”.
C. A sudden increase in piracy would occur.
D. Online-music sales would probably decrease.
Questions 11-14 Complete the notes below.
Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from Reading Passage 1 for each answer.
Write your answers in boxes 11-14 on your answer sheet.
Mr. Steve Jobs， the boss of Apple， explains the reason why he used to defend DRM， saying that the company was forced to do so： the record companies would make their music accessible to …11...only if they agreed to protect it using DRM; they can still…12…if the DRM system is compromised. He also provides the reason why Apple did not license FairPlay to others： the company relies on them to …13….But now he changes his mind with a possible expectation that Europe’s regulators would not trouble him any more in the future. He proposes that those who are unsatisfactory with the current situation in digital music market should …14… towards persuade the music companies to sell their music DRM-free.
Notes to Reading Passage 1
1. low-key： 抑制的，受約束的，屈服的
2. showman： 開(kāi)展覽會(huì)的`人，出風(fēng)頭的人物
3. unassuming： 謙遜的，不夸耀的， 不裝腔作勢(shì)的
4. iPod： (蘋(píng)果公司出產(chǎn)的)音樂(lè)播放器
5. iTunes store： (蘋(píng)果公司出產(chǎn)的)在線音樂(lè)商店
6. get off persons back： 不再找某人的麻煩，擺脫某人的糾纏
7. gravitate： 受吸引，傾向于
8. unfazed： 不再擔(dān)憂，不被打擾
Keys and explanations to the Questions 1-13
1. TRUE
See the second sentence in Paragraph A “… the future of digital music， which Apple dominates with its iPod music-player and iTunes music-store.”
2. FALSE
See the third sentence in Paragraph A “…At issue is “digital rights management” (DRM)—the technology guarding downloaded music against theft.”
3. TRUE
See the fourth sentence in Paragraph A “Since there is no common standard for DRM， it also has the side-effect that songs purchased for one type of music-player may not work on another.”
4. TRUE
See the second sentence in Paragraph B “It has come under fire from European regulators who claim that its refusal to license FairPlay to other firms has “l(fā)ocked in” customers.”
5. NOT GIVEN
The third sentence in Paragaph B only mentions music from the iTunes store， nothing about that of Sony or Microsoft. “Since music from the iTunes store cannot be played on non-iPod music-players (at least not without a lot of fiddling).”
6. FALSE
See the last sentence in Paragraph E “So Apple’s dominance evidently depends far more on branding and ease of use than DRM-related “l(fā)ock in”.
7. NOT GIVEN
See the fourth sentence in Paragraph F only mentions music generally， no particular information about business prospect of Sony “Indeed， scrapping DRM would probably increase online-music sales by reducing confusion and incompatibility.”
8. B
See the fourth sentence of Paragraph C “All DRM does is restrict consumer choice and provide a barrier to entry， says Mr Jobs; without it there would be far more stores and players， and far more innovation.”
9. C
See the third sentence of Paragraph E and the context “Mr Jobs is evidently unfazed by rivals to the iPod. Since only 3% of the music in a typical iTunes library is protected， most of it can already be used on other players today.”
10. A
See the last four sentences of Paragraph F “Wouldn’t it lead to a surge in piracy? No， because most music is still sold unprotected on CDs， people wishing to steal music already can do so. Indeed， scrapping DRM would probably increase online-music sales by reducing confusion and incompatibility. With the leading online store， Apple would benefit most.”
11. the iTunes store
See the second sentence of Paragraph C “They would make their music available to the iTunes store only if Apple agreed to protect it using DRM.”
12. withdraw their catalogues
See the third sentence of Paragraph C “They can still withdraw their catalogues if the DRM system is compromised.”
13. produce security fixes
See the fourth sentence of Paragraph C “Apple cannot license FairPlay to others， says Mr Jobs， because it would depend on them to produce security fixes promptly.”
14. redirect their energies
See the second sentence of Paragraph D “Rather than complaining to Apple about its use of DRM， he suggests， “those unhappy with the current situation should redirect their energies towards persuading the music companies to sell their music DRM-free.”
雅思考試閱讀模擬試題及答案解析四 2
答題注意事項(xiàng)
1.本試卷考試時(shí)間150分鐘，滿分100分。
2.試卷后面附有參考答案，供學(xué)員測(cè)試后核對(duì)。
Section I Structure and Vocabulary
In each question, decide which of the four choices given will most suitably complete the sentence if ed at the place marked. Put your choice on the answer sheet. (20 points)
1. A variety of small clubs can provide _____ opportunities for leadership, as well as for practice in successful group dynamics.
[A] durable
[B] excessive
[C] surplus
[D] multiple
2. By turning this knob to the right you can _____ the sound from this radio.
[A] amplify
[B] enlarge
[C] magnify
[D] reinforce
3. Under the _____ confronting them it was impossible to continue the strike any longer.
[A] surroundings
[B] settings
[C] circumstances
[D] environments
4. We have the system of exploitation of man by man.
[A] cancelled
[B] abolished
[C] refused
[D] rejected
5. We shall probably never be able to _____ the exact nature of these sub-atomic particles.
[A] assert
[B] impart
[C] ascertain
[D] notify
6. This diploma _____ that you have completed high school.
[A] proves
[B] certifies
[C] secures
[D] approves
7. Up until that time, his interest had focused almost _____ on fully mastering the skills and techniques of his craft.
[A] restrictively
[B] radically
[C] inclusively
[D] exclusively
8. That sound doesn’t _____ in his language so it’s difficult for him to pronounce.
[A] happen
[B] take place
[C] occur
[D] run
9. The security guard _____ two men who were yelling in the courtroom.
[A] expelled
[B] propelled
[C] repelled
[D] dispelled
10. In most cases politicians are _____ as they seldom tell the truth.
[A] credible
[B] credulous
[C] incredulous
[D] incredible
11. He soon received promotion, for his superiors realized that he was a man of considerable _____.
[A] future
[B] possibility
[C] ability
[D] opportunity
12. Britain has the highest _____ of road traffic in the world—over 60 cars for every mile of road.
[A] density
[B] intensity
[C] popularity
[D] prosperity
13. CCTV programs are _____ by satellite to the remotest areas in the country.
[A] transferred
[B] transported
[C] transformed
[D] transmitted
14. An energy tax would curb ordinary air pollution, limit oil imports and cut the budget _____.
[A] disposition
[B] deficit
[C] defect
[D] discrepancy
15. The government will _____ a reform in the educational system.
[A] initiate
[B] initial
[C] initiative
[D] intimate
Section III Reading Comprehension
Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A], [B], [C] or [D] Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET (40 points)
Text 1
The period of adolescence, i.e., the period between childhood and adulthood, may be long or short, depending on social expectations and on society’s definition as to what constitutes maturity and adulthood. In primitive societies adolescence is frequently a relatively short period of time, while in industrial societies with patterns of prolonged education coupled with laws against child labor, the period of adolescence is much longer and may include most of the second decade of one’s life. Furthermore, the length of the adolescent period and the definition of adulthood status may change in a given society as social and economic conditions change. Examples of this type of change are the disappearance of the frontier in the latter part of the nineteenth century in the United States, and more universally, the industrialization of an agricultural society.
In modern society, ceremonies for adolescence have lost their formal recognition and symbolic significance and there no longer is agreement as to what constitutes initiation ceremonies. Social ones have been replaced by a sequence of steps that lead to increased recognition and social status. For example, grade school graduation, high school graduation and college graduation constitute such a sequence, and while each step implies certain behavioral changes and social recognition, the significance of each depends on the socio-economic status and the educational ambition of the individual. Ceremonies for adolescence have also been replaced by legal definitions of status roles, right, privileges and responsibilities. It is during the nine years from the twelfth birthday to the twenty-first that the protective and restrictive aspects of childhood and minor status are removed and adult privileges and responsibilities are granted. The twelve-year-old is no longer considered a child and has to pay full fare for train, airplane, theater and movie tickets. Basically, the individual at this age loses childhood privileges without gaining significant adult rights. At the age of sixteen the adolescent is granted certain adult rights which increases his social status by providing him with more freedom and choices. He now can obtain a driver’s license; he can leave public schools; and he can work without the restrictions of child labor laws. At the age of eighteen the law provides adult responsibilities as well as rights; the young man can now be a soldier, but he also can marry without parental permission. At the age of twenty-one the individual obtains his full legal rights as an adult. He now can vote, he can buy liquor, he can enter into financial contracts, and he is entitled to run for public office. No additional basic rights are acquired as a function of age after majority status has been attained. None of these legal provisions determine at what point adulthood has been reached but they do point to the prolonged period of adolescence.
41. The period of adolescence is much longer in industrial societies because ________.
[A] the definition of maturity has changed
[B] the industrialized society is more developed
[C] more education is provided and laws against child labor are made(C)
[D] ceremonies for adolescence have lost their formal recognition and symbolic significance
42. Former social ceremonies that used to mark adolescence have given place to ________.
[A] graduations from schools and colleges
[B] social recognition
[C] socio-economic status(A)
[D] certain behavioral changes
43. No one can expect to fully enjoy the adulthood privileges until he is ________.
[A] eleven years old
[B] sixteen years old
[C] twenty-one years old(C)
[D] between twelve and twenty-one years old
44. Starting from 22, ________.
[A] one will obtain more basic rights
[B] the older one becomes, the more basic rights he will have
[C] one won’t get more basic rights than when he is 21(C)
[D] one will enjoy more rights granted by society
45. According to the passage, it is true that ________.
[A] in the late 19th century in the United States the dividing line between adolescence and adulthood no longer existed
[B] no one can marry without the permission of his parents until the age of twenty-one
[C] one is considered to have reached adulthood when he has a driver’s license(A)
[D] one is not free from the restrictions of child labor laws until he can join the arm
33. D
Examples of stress-inducing events in the life of a young person are death of a pet, pressure to achieve academically, the divorce of parents, or joining a new youth group. 年輕人的生活中，能夠帶來(lái)壓力的事件，包括寵物的死亡、學(xué)業(yè)的壓力、父母的離異，或者加入新的年輕人群體。[D] event來(lái)自拉丁語(yǔ)evenire發(fā)生，e-出.外+venire來(lái)，發(fā)生出來(lái)的事就是“(比較重大的)事件”。而句子表語(yǔ)部分恰恰羅列了種種較為重大的事件。[A] evidence n. 明顯，顯著，明白，跡象，根據(jù)，[物]證據(jù)，證物;[B]accident n. 意外事件，(造成一定傷亡或者損失的)事故;[C] adventure n. 冒險(xiǎn)，冒險(xiǎn)的經(jīng)歷。
34. B
“學(xué)業(yè)上取得成就”用achieve。[A] acquire和[C] obtain作“獲得”解時(shí)，作及物動(dòng)詞，后及賓語(yǔ)。[D]fulfill vt. 實(shí)踐，實(shí)行，完成，達(dá)到，側(cè)重“履行”之意。
35. A
The different ways in which individuals respond to stress may bring healthful or unhealthy results. 人們對(duì)壓力做出的不同的反應(yīng)方式，可能會(huì)帶來(lái)有益于健康，或者不利于健康的后果。[A] respond(常與to連用)反應(yīng)，回報(bào)，對(duì)……有反應(yīng)，對(duì)……起作用;[B] return vt. 歸還，回報(bào)，(經(jīng)濟(jì))收益;[C] retort v. 反駁，反擊;[D]reply vi. 答復(fù)，回?fù)�，�?bào)復(fù)，答辯，回答。
36. C
One person experiencing a great deal of stress may function exceptionally well while another may be unable to function at a11. 在巨大的壓力下。有的人可能會(huì)應(yīng)對(duì)非常自如，但是另一個(gè)人就完全無(wú)法正常發(fā)揮。[C] while此處是一個(gè)表示轉(zhuǎn)折意義的連詞，表示“雖然，但是”。例：You like tennis, while I’d rather read. 你愛(ài)打網(wǎng)球，但我愛(ài)看書(shū)。類似用法的連詞還有whereas。例：Some people like fat meat, whereas others hate it. 有些人喜歡肥肉，相反有些人討厭肥肉。
37. A
Satisfying social relations are vital to sound mental and emotional health. 讓人滿意的社會(huì)關(guān)系對(duì)于良好的精神和情緒健全至關(guān)重要。
[A] sound作形容詞意為“完好的，健全的，合理的，明智的”。例：the sound development of a baby(一個(gè)嬰兒的健康發(fā)育);sound judgment合理(明智)的判斷。[B] all-round adj. 全面的，多才多藝的。
38. D
It is believed that in order to initiate, develop, and maintain effective and fulfilling social relationships people must possess the ability to know and trust each other, understand each other, influence, and help each other. 一般認(rèn)為，要想建立，發(fā)展，并且維持有效而給人滿足感的社會(huì)關(guān)系，人們必須擁有了解和信任他人，影響他人，及幫助他人的能力。[D]initiate vt. 創(chuàng)始，發(fā)起;[A] illuminate vt. 照明，照亮，闡明，說(shuō)明;[B] enunciate v. 闡明，清晰發(fā)言;[C] enumerate v. 列舉。
39. D
上下文中also一詞提示天空處需要be capable of的近義詞，所以possess the ability符合題意。
40. [A]
They must also be capable of resolving conflicts in a constructive way. 他們必須有能力以建設(shè)性的方法來(lái)解決沖突。
resolve和solve都有“解決”之意。例：solve/resolve a problem但resolve可用來(lái)表達(dá)“評(píng)定或平息沖突或爭(zhēng)端等”之意，相當(dāng)于settle。例：resolve/settle the quarrel in a friendly way(以友好的方式解決紛爭(zhēng))。此外，resolve還有“決心，決定”之意，相當(dāng)于decide或determine。例：Parliament has resolved that… (國(guó)會(huì)決議……);to resolve/be resolved to do… (下決心做……)。
Section III Reading Comprehension
Text 1
41. [C] 意為：人們所受的教育增多以及反童工法的制定
根據(jù)題干直接定位到第一段第二句while…部分，它指出，(相對(duì)原始社會(huì))，工業(yè)社會(huì)中青春期變長(zhǎng)有兩方面的原因：教育期的延長(zhǎng)和反童工法的制定。所以，正確選項(xiàng)為[C]。
[A]的干擾來(lái)自于第一段第一句。它提到，“青春期的長(zhǎng)短取決于不同社會(huì)對(duì)成熟和成年的定義”。接著第二句就比較了原始社會(huì)和工業(yè)化社會(huì)。從這兩句其實(shí)我們可以推出這兩種社會(huì)對(duì)成熟的定義必定不同。但第二句已經(jīng)明確指出了具體原因，因此[C]為最佳答案。[B] 工業(yè)化社會(huì)更加發(fā)達(dá)，文中未提。[D]是工業(yè)社會(huì)中關(guān)于青春期變化的現(xiàn)象，而非青春期變長(zhǎng)的原因。
42. [A]意為：從各類學(xué)校畢業(yè)
第二段第二句指出：青春期的社會(huì)儀式(social ones)已經(jīng)被一系列階段(a sequence of steps)所取代。第三句說(shuō)明了“一系列階段”的具體所指—─各階段學(xué)習(xí)的畢業(yè)。所以，[A]為正確選項(xiàng)。
[B]、[C]、[D]的錯(cuò)誤在于：social recognition、certain behavioral change 和socio-economic status本身都不是青春期儀式的替代品，而只是和其替代品緊密相連的因素。第三句提到，行為變化和社會(huì)認(rèn)可度是伴隨“階段”而存在的，而一個(gè)人的社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)地位會(huì)影響各階段對(duì)他的重要性。
43.[C] 意為：21歲第二段后面部分從It is during the nine years到倒數(shù)第二句列舉了青春期各階段的權(quán)利。其中，第十句(at the age of twenty-one… public office)指出，21歲是開(kāi)始享有完全成人權(quán)利的年齡。所以[C]為正確選項(xiàng)。
11歲不屬于該部分介紹的范圍;16歲時(shí)只能享有部分成人權(quán)利;12到21歲期間是一個(gè)從兒童向成人轉(zhuǎn)變的過(guò)程，個(gè)人享有權(quán)利逐漸增加，但若享有完全成人權(quán)利，需要達(dá)到21歲。因此其他項(xiàng)排除。
44. [C]意為：個(gè)人的基本權(quán)利將不會(huì)比21歲時(shí)有所增加。
文中倒數(shù)第二句說(shuō)明，一旦達(dá)到成人階段(21歲)，將不再繼續(xù)獲得其他額外的基本權(quán)利。所以，本題的正確選項(xiàng)應(yīng)為[C]。其他項(xiàng)[A] 個(gè)人會(huì)得到更多的基本權(quán)利;[B] 一個(gè)人越老，擁有的基本權(quán)利越多;[D] 人們將享有社會(huì)賦予的更多的權(quán)利;與原文內(nèi)容相反。
45. 答案[A]意為：獲得駕照的人就可以算是成人了
第一段末句指出，到了19世紀(jì)晚期，美國(guó)的青春期和成年期的分界線消失。Frontier意為dividing line。所以，[A]為正確選項(xiàng)。
第二段倒數(shù)第五句指出，18歲后，可以不經(jīng)父母的同意結(jié)婚。所以[B]錯(cuò)在“21歲”。第二段四、六、七句說(shuō)明：16歲青少年可以獲得駕照，但只有到了21歲，他們才稱為法律意義上的成年人。所以[C]錯(cuò)誤。第二段倒數(shù)第六、七句說(shuō)明：16歲就可以不受童工法限制，而18歲后他們才可以參軍。所以[D]錯(cuò)誤。
Text 2
46. [A] 意為：并不像表面看上去那樣好。
第一段第三、四句指出，美國(guó)到處都在談?wù)撍^公司的振興(tales of corporate revival)，但是，商界自認(rèn)為正在進(jìn)行的所謂生產(chǎn)率革命究竟是否名符其實(shí)(for real)，這一點(diǎn)卻很難確定。該句實(shí)際上是全文的主旨，從反面提出了下文旨在回答的問(wèn)題，所謂生產(chǎn)率革命根本不存在，官方的統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)字也并不怎么樂(lè)觀;該段第四句指出，問(wèn)題是;最近顯示出的增長(zhǎng)部分是由商業(yè)領(lǐng)域里此時(shí)出現(xiàn)的正常的反彈(rebound)造成的，因此，不能將它看作是更深層的.(當(dāng)指生產(chǎn)率)振興的證據(jù)。由題目能夠定位到第一段的這一句：What is harder to establish is whether the productivity revolution that businessmen assume they are presiding over is for real.其意思是：商人們自認(rèn)為的他們所領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的生產(chǎn)力革命是否確有其事，這一點(diǎn)更加難以確定。因此可以看出作者覺(jué)得美國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)形式并不像商人們說(shuō)的那樣好，因此聯(lián)系到了A選項(xiàng)。
最后一段引用了幾個(gè)專家的評(píng)價(jià)，對(duì)目前進(jìn)行的促進(jìn)生產(chǎn)率發(fā)展的措施進(jìn)行了否定，特別是羅森伯格的評(píng)價(jià)，在他看來(lái)，目前負(fù)責(zé)調(diào)整經(jīng)濟(jì)的顧問(wèn)們所做的工作，多數(shù)都是垃圾(沒(méi)有成效)，是典型的“于事無(wú)補(bǔ)”(ambulance-chasing)。
B意為：處于轉(zhuǎn)折階段。文章中只是說(shuō)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展并不樂(lè)觀，但是還沒(méi)有達(dá)到轉(zhuǎn)折的地步，因此該選項(xiàng)屬于夸張類干擾項(xiàng)。
C意為：比現(xiàn)狀要好得多。這個(gè)和原文意思恰恰相反，同作者的中心思想相違背。換句話說(shuō)，這個(gè)是作者要批駁的觀點(diǎn)。
D意為;幾乎要實(shí)現(xiàn)全面復(fù)蘇了。此選項(xiàng)同C選項(xiàng)，都是與作者思想相違背的，更何況，復(fù)蘇這個(gè)詞根本無(wú)從談起。
47. [B] 意為：與商人的預(yù)想不符�；颍翰幌裆倘祟A(yù)想的`那樣好。
第二段指出，官方的統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)字也并不怎么樂(lè)觀，如果將制造業(yè)和服務(wù)業(yè)算在一起(lump... together)，89年以來(lái)生產(chǎn)率平均增長(zhǎng)了1.2%，比前十年的平均指數(shù)略有增長(zhǎng);1991年后，生產(chǎn)率每年增長(zhǎng)約2%，是1978年至1987年這十年平均指數(shù)的一倍多。然而問(wèn)題是：最近顯示出的增長(zhǎng)部分是由商業(yè)領(lǐng)域里此時(shí)出現(xiàn)的正常的反彈造成的，因此，不能將它看作是更深層的(當(dāng)指生產(chǎn)率)振興的證據(jù)。正如財(cái)政部長(zhǎng)魯賓所說(shuō)的那樣，一方面，大量的商業(yè)神話似乎表明生產(chǎn)率的激增(leap)，另一方面，(官方的)統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)字又是另一番景象，二者之間存在著一個(gè)“差距”(disjunction)。定位到第二段的這幾句：There is, as Robert Rubin, the treasury secretary, says, a "disjunction" between the mass of business anecdote that points to a leap in productivity and the picture reflected by the statistics.其意思是：正如財(cái)政部長(zhǎng)羅伯特?魯賓所說(shuō)的，生產(chǎn)力發(fā)生飛躍的商業(yè)傳奇與統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)字所反映的情況之間存在著一種“脫節(jié)”。商業(yè)傳奇即是說(shuō)大量的商業(yè)神話似乎表明生產(chǎn)率的激增(leap)。因此，可以得出結(jié)論，經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的實(shí)際情況和商人們所塑造的神話有脫節(jié)，即聯(lián)系到了B選項(xiàng)。
A意為：排除了商業(yè)領(lǐng)域里出現(xiàn)的正常的反彈。此選項(xiàng)定位到了原文第二段中的The trouble is that part of the recent acceleration is due to the usual rebound that occurs at this point in a business cycle，意思是：近年發(fā)生的生產(chǎn)力快速增長(zhǎng)部分是由于商業(yè)周期通常到了這時(shí)候就會(huì)出現(xiàn)的反彈造成的。但是官方統(tǒng)計(jì)時(shí)并未排除此反彈，在原文中沒(méi)有根據(jù)。原文只是說(shuō)這個(gè)反彈是個(gè)trouble，但是并未說(shuō)找個(gè)trouble被排除了。
C意為：與商人預(yù)想的一致。這個(gè)與B選項(xiàng)正好矛盾，參考B選項(xiàng)的解釋。
D意為：沒(méi)有準(zhǔn)確地反映經(jīng)濟(jì)的狀況。該選項(xiàng)的說(shuō)法太籠統(tǒng)了，雖然由原文得出了“脫節(jié)”的結(jié)論，但是請(qǐng)注意，是生產(chǎn)力發(fā)生飛躍的商業(yè)傳奇與統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)字所反映的情況之間存在著一種“脫節(jié)”，而不是該官方統(tǒng)計(jì)與經(jīng)濟(jì)情況存在脫節(jié)。至少，原文并未說(shuō)該統(tǒng)計(jì)不準(zhǔn)確，而只是說(shuō)該統(tǒng)計(jì)與商人們預(yù)料的不符。
48. [B] 意為：他認(rèn)為所謂的生產(chǎn)率革命并未奏效。
第一段指出，人們常說(shuō)：不勞則無(wú)所獲，但是，要是勞而無(wú)獲呢?美國(guó)到處都在談?wù)撍^公司的振興，但是，商界自認(rèn)為正在進(jìn)行的所謂生產(chǎn)率革命究竟是否名符其實(shí)，這一點(diǎn)卻很難確定。作者的觀點(diǎn)在此其實(shí)已表達(dá)得很清楚。
另外，從第三段來(lái)看，所謂的生產(chǎn)率革命包括了改組企業(yè)(business restructuring, reengineering)等一系列措施，正如第四段所指出的，近年所進(jìn)行的一些重組措施也許并未奏效，而且，即使有所成效，效果也沒(méi)有人們想像的那樣廣泛。在最后一段，作者引用了幾個(gè)專家的評(píng)價(jià)，這幾位專家對(duì)目前進(jìn)行的促進(jìn)生產(chǎn)率發(fā)展的措施更是持否定態(tài)度。作者的引用當(dāng)然帶有很大的傾向性，用以支持自己的觀點(diǎn)。第一段指出，人們常說(shuō)：不勞則無(wú)所獲，但是，要是勞而無(wú)獲呢?美國(guó)到處都在談?wù)撍^公司的振興，但是，商界自認(rèn)為正在進(jìn)行的所謂生產(chǎn)率革命究竟是否名符其實(shí)，這一點(diǎn)卻很難確定。作者的觀點(diǎn)在此其實(shí)已表達(dá)得很清楚，就是說(shuō)所謂的生產(chǎn)率革命并沒(méi)起多大作用。而且由其他段也可看出，現(xiàn)實(shí)的數(shù)據(jù)與商人們所想的存在脫節(jié)，因此他們所鼓吹的革命并不奏效。因此聯(lián)系到了B選項(xiàng)
A意為：他對(duì)“不勞則無(wú)所獲”的真實(shí)性提出質(zhì)疑。該選擇項(xiàng)過(guò)于局限于字面意思。該選擇項(xiàng)過(guò)于局限于字面意思，而與作者的真正用意無(wú)關(guān)。這是一個(gè)用字面意思來(lái)迷惑考生的干擾項(xiàng)。
C意為：他認(rèn)為官方的統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)寧可能有錯(cuò)。正好相反，他們認(rèn)為所謂的商業(yè)振興僅僅是假象。聯(lián)系上一道題，作者并未說(shuō)官方的統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)不符合實(shí)際。如果上道題明白的話，就會(huì)第一個(gè)排除此選項(xiàng)的。
D意為：他獲得了商業(yè)振興的確鑿證據(jù)。這個(gè)選項(xiàng)有兩個(gè)大錯(cuò)誤。首先作者壓根沒(méi)說(shuō)商業(yè)振興，反而在說(shuō)經(jīng)濟(jì)情況不如想象中的好。第二個(gè)錯(cuò)誤是所謂的確鑿證據(jù)無(wú)從說(shuō)起。文章中所有的例證都是在說(shuō)明“脫節(jié)”這個(gè)問(wèn)題，而不是在說(shuō)什么商業(yè)振興。
49. [A] 意為：激進(jìn)的改革對(duì)生產(chǎn)率的提高極其重要。
首先要看清楚題目，是說(shuō)文章未提到的，大家一定不要犯這種低級(jí)錯(cuò)誤，選了文章提到過(guò)的選項(xiàng)。，作者只指出促進(jìn)生產(chǎn)率革命的措施并未奏效，未達(dá)到人們想象的效果，而并末提到應(yīng)該如何才對(duì)。這屬于過(guò)度引申的干擾項(xiàng)。
B意為：用新方法改變工作場(chǎng)所可以提高生產(chǎn)率。第三段第二句指出，重新改變工作場(chǎng)所僅是加快一個(gè)國(guó)家的國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)綜合生產(chǎn)率水平(overall productivity of an economy)的一種措施，促進(jìn)生產(chǎn)率發(fā)展的因素還有許多，如：設(shè)備和機(jī)器投資、新技術(shù)、教育和培訓(xùn)投資等都會(huì)帶來(lái)生產(chǎn)率的提高。
C意為：降低成本并不能保證帶來(lái)長(zhǎng)期利潤(rùn)。根據(jù)第五段第三句，在比爾看來(lái)，許多公司機(jī)械地(in a mechanistic fashion)應(yīng)用改革措施，降低了成本，但對(duì)長(zhǎng)期盈利卻考慮不夠�？梢�(jiàn)，降低成本和長(zhǎng)期盈利并非總是成正比。
D意為：顧問(wèn)們是一伙飯桶。不要以為這種罵人句肯定不會(huì)出現(xiàn)在原文中，那你就犯了主觀主義錯(cuò)誤了。文章最后一段指出，在羅森伯格看來(lái)，目前負(fù)責(zé)經(jīng)濟(jì)調(diào)整的顧問(wèn)們所做的工作，多數(shù)都是垃圾(沒(méi)有成效)，是典型的“于事無(wú)補(bǔ)”。
50. [D]否定的。 本題問(wèn)：根據(jù)文章，作者對(duì)美國(guó)提高生產(chǎn)率的革命態(tài)度如何?作者在文章的一開(kāi)頭就提出，本文要討論“得不償失、勞而無(wú)功”的問(wèn)題，所以作者對(duì)這場(chǎng)提高生產(chǎn)率革命的態(tài)度顯然是否定的。故選D。 A有偏心的，有偏見(jiàn)的。 B樂(lè)觀的。 C模棱兩可的。均不符合題意，不能入選。
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