英語初三賓語從句復(fù)習(xí)教案
教學(xué)目標(biāo):
1、掌握賓語從句的語序。
2、掌握引導(dǎo)賓語從句的各種連詞。
3、掌握賓語從句中,主句與從句在時態(tài)上的相互呼應(yīng)。
復(fù)習(xí)重點、難點:
賓語從句的語序。引導(dǎo)賓語從句的各種連詞。賓語從句中,主句與從句在時態(tài)上的相互呼應(yīng)。
教學(xué)過程:
一、賓語從句的定義:
賓語從句顧名思義就是作(及物動詞、介詞或某些形容詞)賓語的部分是由句子來充當(dāng)。因此把這樣的句子(含有從句)叫做復(fù)句。引導(dǎo)賓語從句的引導(dǎo)詞分為三類即: 表示陳述語氣用that , 表示一般疑問語氣,含有“是否,能否”的意思whether 和if 引導(dǎo).表示特殊疑問語氣由特殊疑問詞導(dǎo).賓語從句可做動詞賓語,介詞賓語,及某些形容詞的賓語. 例如:
1、He wrote me a letter, saying that he would pay a visit to China next week. (動賓)
2、I wonder if you could spare me a few minutes?(動賓)
3、The teacher is quite satisfied with what you have done.(介賓)
4、Mother was very pleased that her daughter had passed the exams.(形賓)
二、過好“三關(guān)”學(xué)習(xí)賓語從句:
。ㄒ唬、過引導(dǎo)詞關(guān)
1、連詞that(在口語中that?墒÷),if, whether,如:
He knows that Jim will work hard.
連接代詞who, whom, which等,如:
Do you know who (whom) they are waiting for?
連接副詞when, where, how, why等,如:
Could you tell me how we can get to the station?
2、由that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句,如:
I don’t know(that )Tom was late again
I am afraid (that) it would rain soon
注意1:引導(dǎo)賓語從句的that 常可以省略,但下列情況下不能省略。
。1)、and連接兩個或兩個以上的賓語從句,除第一個從句中的that以外,后面從句中的that不能省略。如:Everybody could see what happened and that Tom was frightened.
(2)、that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句作介詞賓語時,that不能省略。如:I know nothing about him except that he is from the south.
(3)、主句謂語動詞與that從句之間有插入語,that不可省略。如:We decided, considering his age, that we would not let him do the job.
注意2:若有補(bǔ)語,則賓語從句要放到補(bǔ)語之后,在賓補(bǔ)前用形式賓語it. 如:
He doesn’t want it to be known that he is going away.
I consider it necessary that he should do it again.
注意3: 否定轉(zhuǎn)移. 在think, believe, suppose, expect 等動詞后的賓語從句,從句中的否定往往在主句中體現(xiàn) 。如:
I don’t think you are right.
I don’t believe that they have finished their work.
I don’t think he cares, does he?
3、由whether 或if 引導(dǎo)的賓語從句:whether和if都有“是否”的意思。如:
I don’t know whether / if he will agree with me.
He asked me whether / if I have finished my homework.
注意1:在動詞不定式之前只能用whether
如: I can’t decide whether to stay.
注意2:在whether ?? or not 的固定搭配中
如:I want to know whether it’s good news or not .
注意3:在介詞后,只能用whether
如:His father is worried about whether he lose his work .
注意4:條件狀語從句不能用whether引導(dǎo),如:
Please inform him of the news if he comes back before 10 o’clock.
4、由特殊疑問詞(wh?)引導(dǎo)(要注意用陳述語氣)
如:He asked me,“Where is Mr Wang?”
---He asked me where Mr Wang was.
。ǘ⑦^語序關(guān)
做賓語從句的句子不管原來是什么語序,在充當(dāng)賓語從句時都要用陳述語序,即:“引導(dǎo)詞+主語+謂語+賓語+其他”。
如:1、Tom said. He is reading a book.
→ Tom said that he was reading a book.
2、He asks me.Are they playing a game?
→ He asks me if/whether they are playing a game.
3、Where is the hospital?He told me.
→ He told me Where the Hospital was.
注意:當(dāng)who在從句中做主語時,語序本身就是“主語+謂語”順序,所以就不再變了.
如:I want to know . Who will come tomorrow?
→I want to know whowill come tomorrow.
(三)、過時態(tài)關(guān)
賓語從句的.時態(tài)要受到主句時態(tài)的限制,即要和主句的時態(tài)保持一致(也有特殊情況),賓語從句的時態(tài)往往被忽視,希望能引起我們的注意。從下面三個方面去把握賓語從句的時態(tài)。
1、當(dāng)主句的時態(tài)是一般現(xiàn)在時、一般將來時、祈使句時,從句的時態(tài)可根據(jù)句意的需要用任意一種時態(tài)。
2、當(dāng)主句的時態(tài)為一般過去時賓語從句的時態(tài)要與原句相對應(yīng)的過去的時態(tài)(帶“過去”兩個字)。
3、當(dāng)賓語從句敘述的是客觀事實、真理、自然現(xiàn)象、名言警句、諺語等,不管主句是什么時態(tài),從句一律用一般現(xiàn)在時。
三、賓語從句的特殊語序問題
在“Do you think /believe/suppose----?等”結(jié)構(gòu)中,賓語從句如果是由疑問詞引導(dǎo)的,則要用“疑問詞+ do you think/believe/suppose +正常語序?”
如:What has happened to him? Do you think?What do you think has happened to him?
四、否定轉(zhuǎn)移問題
在think, believe等動詞后面的賓語從句,如果從句的謂語動詞表示否定意義,一般要將否定詞not移到主句的謂語動詞上面去,即通過否定主句的謂語動詞來否定從句的(意義)謂語動詞。此時變反意疑問句時仍將賓語從句視為否定,反意疑問部分用肯定形式。如:
1、I don’t think he will come.
2、I don’t think he will come, will he?
3、I think he will come, won’t he?
五、賓語從句的簡化
1、當(dāng)主句的謂語動詞是hope, decide, wish, agree等,其后接賓語從句,并且從句主語與主句主語一致時,可以簡化成動詞不定式結(jié)構(gòu)。
如:Wei Hua hopes that she will be back soon.
Wei Hua hopes to be back soon.
2、當(dāng)know, learn, remember, forget等動詞其后接賓語從句,并且從句主語與主句主語一致時,可以簡化成“疑問詞+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)。
如:I don’t know what I should say. I don’t know what to say.
3、當(dāng)tell,learn,show,teach等動詞其后接賓語從句,并且從句主語與主句的間接賓語一致時,可以簡化成“疑問詞+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)。
如:Could you tell me how I can get there?(句子中的 me 和I指的是同一個人)可以改寫為:
Could you tell me how to get there?
4、動詞后的賓語從句,也可以用不定式來簡化,但主語要發(fā)生變化。
如:It seemed that the boys were going to play games.
The boys seemed to play games.
復(fù)習(xí)小結(jié):
1、變賓語從句的四個要素:引導(dǎo)詞、語序、時態(tài)和標(biāo)點符號
2、牢記賓語從句中的陳述句語序。
3、注意主句與從句時態(tài)的一致性(即:當(dāng)主句是過去式時,從句要用過去范疇的某種時態(tài),客觀真理或自然現(xiàn)象除外)。
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