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2016年托福考試閱讀題經(jīng)驗(yàn)之邏輯分析
要解決這一問(wèn)題，首先我們先來(lái)看看閱讀中到底是什么樣的句子限制了我們對(duì)文章的理解。
With the advent of projection,the viewer’s relationship with the image was no longer private,as it had been with earlier peepshow devices such as the Kinetoscope and the Mutoscope,which was a similar machine that reproduced motion by means of successive images on individual photograghic cards instead of on strips of celluloid.
When he grew older,William Smith taught himself surveying from books he brought with his small savings and at the age of ighteen he was apprenticed a surveyor of the local parish.
But the myths that have grown up around the rites may continue as part of the group’s oral tradition and may even come to be acted out under conditions divorced from these rites.
從上面句子可以看出來(lái)，這些句子都包含多重修飾成分，那對(duì)于修飾成分過(guò)多的句子，在此我們給出三種方案，也是希望大家能夠達(dá)到的三大目標(biāo)：
訓(xùn)練一遍讀懂句子的能力
這就需要大家能夠快速抓取句子主干，摒棄之前養(yǎng)成的回視的習(xí)慣。以第一個(gè)句子為例，我們應(yīng)能得到這樣的信息：
With……,the relationship was no longer private,it ……,which…..
這樣我們就知道了整個(gè)句子其實(shí)就是在敘述伴隨著投影機(jī)的出現(xiàn)，電影不再是屬于個(gè)別人的消費(fèi)品，而后面的兩種機(jī)器的例子，只是在舉例說(shuō)明這個(gè)一個(gè)觀點(diǎn)。
訓(xùn)練以意群(word group)為單位進(jìn)行閱讀的能力
所謂意群，就是在句中按照意思和結(jié)構(gòu)劃分出的各個(gè)成分，每一個(gè)成分都稱(chēng)為一個(gè)意群。我們把第二個(gè)句子劃分意群如下：
(When he grew older,)(William Smith taught himself surveying)( from books)( he brought with his small savings)( and at the age of eighteen )(he was apprenticed)( a surveyor of the local parish.)
劃分過(guò)后，句子的含義就比較明了了，主要分為兩部分：當(dāng)他年齡稍長(zhǎng)時(shí)，他用自己微薄的積蓄買(mǎi)書(shū)開(kāi)始自學(xué)測(cè)量學(xué);18歲時(shí)，就已經(jīng)成為了當(dāng)?shù)亟虆^(qū)的一名測(cè)量員學(xué)徒。
訓(xùn)練對(duì)語(yǔ)言邏輯詞的敏感
a.并列關(guān)系：并列，遞進(jìn)，條件，因果(分號(hào)，冒號(hào)，破折號(hào))
并列：and，also，or，similarly，in the same way
遞進(jìn)：even，furthermore，moreover，in addition，then，what is more
因果：derive from，lead to，due to，because，cause，since，for，therefore，hence，so…that，as a result ,result from
b.讓步，轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系：even though，although，while，but，yet，however，nevertheless，despite，in spite of
c.對(duì)比關(guān)系，比較級(jí)。
時(shí)間對(duì)比：when，while，after，before，since，until
比較級(jí)：more than，less than，most，above all
弄明白了這些詞，我們?cè)賮?lái)看第三個(gè)句子，主干結(jié)構(gòu)實(shí)際上就是一個(gè)and連接的并列句：
The myths……may continue as……and may even come to ……
這時(shí)再填充細(xì)節(jié)進(jìn)去就容易的多了。
好了，那今天我們簡(jiǎn)單介紹了三種閱讀長(zhǎng)難句的分析方法，小伙伴們都學(xué)會(huì)了嗎?
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