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初二英語上冊知識點賓語從句
漫長的學(xué)習(xí)生涯中,說起知識點,應(yīng)該沒有人不熟悉吧?知識點是指某個模塊知識的重點、核心內(nèi)容、關(guān)鍵部分。相信很多人都在為知識點發(fā)愁,以下是小編幫大家整理的初二英語上冊知識點賓語從句,僅供參考,歡迎大家閱讀。
一.賓語從句的定義
置于動詞、介詞等詞性后面起賓語作用的從句叫賓語從句。賓語從句的語序必須是陳述語序。謂語動詞、介詞、動詞不定式,v.-ing形式后面都能帶賓語從句。有些形容詞(afraid,sure,glad等)之后也可以帶賓語從句。
二.賓語從句中引導(dǎo)詞的用法
在復(fù)合句中作主句的賓語,引導(dǎo)詞有:
連詞:that (that 常可省略),whether, if 。代詞:who, whose, what ,which 。副詞:when ,where, how, why 等。(一)that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句(在非正式場合that可以省略)
可跟that從句做賓語的動詞有:say, think, insist, wish, hope, demand, imagine, wonder, know, suppose, see, believe, agree, admit, deny, expect, explain, order, command, feel, dream, suggest, hear, mean, notice, prefer, request, require, propose, declare, report等。
例句:The boy believes that he will travel through space to other planets.
注意事項:當(dāng)主句謂語動詞是 think, believe, suppose, expect 等詞,而賓語從句的意思是否定時,常把否定轉(zhuǎn)移至主句表示。
例句:I dont think it is right for him to treat you like that.
在以下情況中that不能省略
1當(dāng)句中的動詞后接多于兩個由that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句時,第一個that可省,但后面的that不可省。
例句:He said (that) you were too young to understand the matter and that he was asked not to tell you.
2當(dāng)主句的謂語動詞與that賓語從句之間有插入語時,that一般不可省。
例句:Just then I noticed, for the first time, that our master was wearing his fine green coat and his black silk cap.
3當(dāng)that從句是雙賓語中的直接賓語時,that不可省。
例句:I cant tell him that his mother died.
注意事項:許多帶復(fù)合賓語的句子,that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句經(jīng)常移到句子后部,而用it作形式賓語。
例句:I find it necessary that we should do the homework on time.
。ǘ┯蓋hether,if 引導(dǎo)的賓語從句
由whether(if)引導(dǎo)的賓語從句,實際上是一般疑問句演變而來的。意思是"是否"。賓語從句要用陳述句語序。一般說來,在賓語從句中whether與if可以互換使用,但在特殊情況下if與whether是不能互換的。
例句:I wonder whether(if) they will come to our party.
只能用whether,不能用if引導(dǎo)的賓語從句
1在帶to的不定式前
例句:We decided whether to walk there.
1在介詞的后面 例句:Im thinking of whether we should go to see the film.
2在動詞后面的賓語從句 例句:We discussed whether we had a sports meeting next week
3直接與or not連用時 例句:I cant say whether or not thet can come on time.
只能用if不能用whether引導(dǎo)的賓語從句
1 if引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句,意為"如果" 例句:The students will go on a picnic if it is sunny.
2 if引導(dǎo)否定概念的賓語從句時 例句:He asked if I didnt come to school yesterday.
3 引導(dǎo)狀語從句even if(即使)和as if(好象)時 例句:He talks as if he has known all about it.
。ㄈ┻B接代詞和連接副詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句
這樣的賓語從句實際上是由特殊疑問句變化而來的,賓語從句要用陳述句語序。用于這種結(jié)構(gòu)的動詞常常是:see, say, tell, ask, answer, know, decide, show, find out, imagine, suggest, doubt, wonder, discover, understand, inform, advise等。
英語中的連接代詞有:who,whom,whose,which,what,在句中擔(dān)任主語、賓語、定語或者表語。
例句:Can you tell me whom you are waiting for?
英語中的連接副詞有:when,where,why,how,在句中擔(dān)任狀語的成分。
例句:None of us knows where these new parts can be bought.
三.賓語從句的語序 賓語從句的語序是陳述句語序即:連接代詞/副詞+主語+謂語+其他成分。
例句如下:
1 I dont know what they are looking for.
2 Could you tell me when the train will leave?
3 Can you imagine what kind of man he is?
四.賓語從句的時態(tài)
1主句是一般現(xiàn)在時,從句根據(jù)實際情況使用任何時態(tài)。例句:The headmaster hopes everything goes well.
2主句是過去時態(tài),從句須用過去時態(tài)的某種形式。
例句:She was sorry that she hadnt finished her work on time.
3 當(dāng)賓語從句表示的是一個客觀真理或者事實時,即使主句是過去時,從句也用一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)。
例句:The teacher told his class that light travels faster than sound.
五.賓語從句的特點
1賓語從句可以作及物動詞、介詞及形容詞的賓語。
2 賓語從句的語序一律用陳述句語序。
3連接詞that引導(dǎo)賓語從句在句中無詞義,不充當(dāng)句子成份,多數(shù)情況下可以省略。
4whether 和 if 都可引導(dǎo)賓語從句,但 whether后可緊跟or not;whether從句可作介詞的賓語。
5 如果從句太長,可以用形式賓語it.
初二英語上冊賓語從句知識點
賓語從句的概念
She said that she was happy.(“that she was happy” 作 “said” 的賓語)
He is thinking about whether he should go there.(“whether he should go there” 作 “about” 的賓語)
賓語從句是一種從句,在主從復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)賓語的成分。它可以作及物動詞的賓語,也可以作介詞的賓語。例如:
賓語從句的引導(dǎo)詞
Can you tell me where the bank is?(“where” 在從句中作狀語)
She asked me who he was.(“who” 在從句中作表語)
與 or not 連用。如:I want to know whether its good or not.
作介詞賓語。如:We are talking about whether well go on a picnic.
that 引導(dǎo)的賓語從句:that 在從句中無實際意義,在口語和非正式文體中?墒÷浴@纾篒 think (that) he is a good student.
if/whether 引導(dǎo)的賓語從句:表示 “是否”,在句中不能省略。例如:I dont know if/whether it will rain tomorrow. 一般情況下,“if” 和 “whether” 可以互換,但在以下情況最好用 “whether”:
疑問詞(連接代詞和連接副詞)引導(dǎo)的賓語從句:連接代詞有 what, who, whom, whose, which 等,連接副詞有 when, where, why, how 等。這些引導(dǎo)詞在從句中充當(dāng)一定的句子成分。例如:
賓語從句的語序
錯誤:I dont know where is he.
正確:I dont know where he is.
賓語從句要用陳述句語序,即 “主語 + 謂語” 的順序。例如:
賓語從句的時態(tài)
She said that she was watching TV at that time.(從句用過去進(jìn)行時)
He told me that he would come back soon.(從句用過去將來時)
She says she is reading a book now.(從句用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時)
He knows that he went to Beijing last year.(從句用一般過去時)
當(dāng)主句是一般現(xiàn)在時:賓語從句可以根據(jù)實際情況使用各種時態(tài)。例如:
當(dāng)主句是一般過去時:賓語從句一般要用過去的某種時態(tài)(一般過去時、過去進(jìn)行時、過去將來時、過去完成時)。例如:
但如果賓語從句表達(dá)的是客觀真理、自然現(xiàn)象等,不管主句是什么時態(tài),從句都用一般現(xiàn)在時。例如:The teacher told us that the earth goes around the sun.
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