中英語知識點(diǎn)歸納
漫長的學(xué)習(xí)生涯中,說到知識點(diǎn),大家是不是都習(xí)慣性的重視?知識點(diǎn)是知識中的最小單位,最具體的內(nèi)容,有時(shí)候也叫“考點(diǎn)”。哪些知識點(diǎn)能夠真正幫助到我們呢?以下是小編為大家收集的中英語知識點(diǎn)歸納,僅供參考,大家一起來看看吧。
with和賓語補(bǔ)足
with+賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語是一個(gè)十分有用的結(jié)構(gòu),具體地說,它有以下幾種類型:
1. with+賓語+形容詞
He often sleeps with the windows open. 他常開著窗睡覺。
Don’t speak with your mouth full. 不要滿嘴巴食物說話。
2. with+賓語+副詞
He stood before his teacher with his head down. 他低著頭站在老師面前。
He was lying on the bed with all his clothes on. 他和衣躺在床上。
3. with+賓語+名詞
He died with his daughter yet a schoolgirl. 他去世時(shí),女兒還是個(gè)小學(xué)生。
4. with+賓語+介詞短語
She said good-bye with tears in her eyes. 她含著眼淚說了聲再見。
He was asleep with his head on his arms. 他頭枕著胳膊睡著了。
5. with+賓語+現(xiàn)在分詞(短語)
He fell asleep with the lamp burning. 他沒熄燈就睡著了。
I won’t be able to go on holiday with my mother being ill. 因?yàn)閶寢層胁,我無法去度假。
6. with+賓語+過去分詞(短語)
He sat there with his eyes closed. 他閉目坐在那兒。
All the afternoon he worked with the door locked. 整個(gè)下午他都鎖著門在房里工作。
7. with+賓語+不定式(短語)
I can’t go out with all these clothes to wash. 要洗這些衣服,我無法出去了。
With so many people to help us, we are sure to finish it in time. 有這么多人幫忙,我們一定能按時(shí)完成。
英語中定語狀語從句知識點(diǎn)總結(jié)
一、定語從句知識點(diǎn)總結(jié)
要學(xué)定語從句,得知道什么是定語。定語是用來限定、修飾名詞或代詞的。例如,a good book, good就是定語。那么復(fù)合句中修飾名詞或代詞的從句就叫做定語從句。定語從句由關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo),相當(dāng)于形容詞,在句中作定語。被定語從句修飾的 詞叫先行詞,定語從句一般放在先行詞的后面。引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞稱為關(guān)系詞,關(guān)系詞有關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞。關(guān)系代詞有that, which, who, whom, whose等,絕對沒有what;關(guān)系副詞有where, when, why, how等。關(guān)系詞放在先行詞和定語從句之間,起連接作用,同時(shí)又作定語從句的某個(gè)成分。
(一)、關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句
1、由who, whom, that, Whose引導(dǎo)的從句
這些詞代替的先行詞是人的名詞或代詞,who作主語指人,whom作賓語指人,that既可作主語又可作賓語(作賓語可以省略),可以指人也可以指物。Whose 用來指人或物,只用作定語。
。1)Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他是那個(gè)想見你的男人嗎?(who/that在從句中作主語)
(2)He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天見的那個(gè)人。(whom/that在從句中作賓語)
(3)The man whom you spoke to just now is our English teacher 你剛剛說話的那個(gè)男人是我們的英語老師
。4)he man whose son is a doctor is our professor. 那個(gè)兒子是醫(yī)生的男人是我們的教授。
2、由which, that引導(dǎo)的從句
它們所代替的先行詞是事物的名詞或代詞,在從句中可作主語、賓語等,作賓語時(shí)可以省略,例如:
(1)Prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 農(nóng)村出現(xiàn)了前所未有的繁榮。(which / that在從句中作主語)
(2)The package (which / that)you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿那個(gè)包裹快要散開了。(which / that在從句中作賓語)
注意:代表物時(shí)多用which,但在下列情況中用that而不用which:
a)先行詞是anything, everything, nothing, none等不定代詞時(shí);
b)先行詞由every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等修飾時(shí),這時(shí)的that常被省略;
c)先行詞前有序數(shù)詞或被形容詞最高級修飾時(shí);
d)先行詞中既有人又有物時(shí);
e)整個(gè)句中前面已有which,who,that時(shí);
f)當(dāng)先行詞為物并作表語時(shí);
g)先行詞為one時(shí);
h)先行詞同時(shí)又被the only, the very ,the same修飾時(shí);
。ǘ㈥P(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句
1、when指時(shí)間在定語從句中做時(shí)間狀語也可做連接詞用 I still remember the day when I first came to the school.
2、where指地點(diǎn)在定語從句中做地點(diǎn)狀語 Shanghai is the city where I was born.
3、why指原因在定語從句中做原因狀語 ,用在reason 后面。 Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane.
常見考法
對于定語從句的考查,多以單選的形式考查學(xué)生靈活運(yùn)用的能力。一般情況下,常從關(guān)系詞的意義和功能的角度考查,重點(diǎn)是that,which,who引導(dǎo)的定語從句。
典型例題:You're the only person ______I've ever met ______could do it.
A. who B. whom C. whom D. who
解析:先行詞person后有兩個(gè)定語從句,第一個(gè)從句省略了關(guān)系代詞whom.因?yàn)椋?whom作從句中met的賓語,可以省略。第二個(gè)從句who could do it.who在從句中作主語,不可省略。
答案:D
誤區(qū)提醒
當(dāng)表示時(shí)間或地點(diǎn)的名詞作先行詞時(shí),要判斷出它們在從句中作狀語還是主語或賓語。作狀語時(shí)用關(guān)系副詞,反之用關(guān)系代詞。
典型例題:I can never forget the day _______ we worked together and the day ______ we spent together.
A. when, which B. which, when C. what, that D. on which, when
解析:兩個(gè)先行詞the day都是表示時(shí)間的名詞,但第一個(gè)空白處要填的關(guān)系詞在從句中作狀語,因此要用關(guān)系副詞when. 第二個(gè)空白處要填的關(guān)系詞在從句中作動(dòng)詞spent的賓語,因此要用關(guān)系代詞which或that來引導(dǎo)定語從句。
答案:A
二、狀語從句知識點(diǎn)總結(jié)
。ㄒ唬⿻r(shí)間狀語從句
在復(fù)合句中,由時(shí)間連接詞引導(dǎo)的狀語從句叫做時(shí)間狀語從句。時(shí)間狀語從句通常由when, while, as, after, before, since, until等詞引導(dǎo)。
一、時(shí)間狀語從句種類
1、引導(dǎo)的從句表示主從句的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生,或從句的動(dòng)作在主句之前。when引導(dǎo)的從句的謂語動(dòng)詞可以是延續(xù)性的動(dòng)詞,又可以是瞬時(shí)動(dòng)詞。例如:
When she came in, I stopped eating.她進(jìn)來時(shí),我停止吃飯。(瞬時(shí)動(dòng)詞)
When I lived in the countryside, I used to carry some water for him.當(dāng)我住在農(nóng)村時(shí),我常常為他擔(dān)水。(延續(xù)性的動(dòng)詞)
We were about to leave when he came in.我們就要離開,就在那時(shí)他進(jìn)來了。
2、While引導(dǎo)的從句的謂語動(dòng)作必須是延續(xù)性的,并強(qiáng)調(diào)主句和從句的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生(或者相對應(yīng))。并且while有時(shí)還可以表示對比。例 如:While my wife was reading the newspaper, I was watching TV. (was reading是延續(xù)性的動(dòng)詞,was reading和was watching同時(shí)發(fā)生)I like playing football while you like playing basketball.我喜歡踢足球,而你喜歡打籃球。(對比)
3、As表示“一邊……一邊”,as引導(dǎo)的動(dòng)作是延續(xù)性的動(dòng)作,一般用于主句和從句動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生;as也可以強(qiáng)調(diào)“一先一后。例如:We always sing as we walk.我們總是邊走邊唱。(as表示”一邊……一邊“)As we was going out, it began to snow.當(dāng)我們出門時(shí),開始下雪了。(as強(qiáng)調(diào)句中兩個(gè)動(dòng)作緊接著先后發(fā)生,而不強(qiáng)調(diào)開始下雪的特定時(shí)間)
4、由before和after引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句,表示兩個(gè)動(dòng)作一前一后發(fā)生。
例如:It will be four days before they come back. 他們要過四天才能回來。
After you think it over, please let me know what you decide.你仔細(xì)考慮過以后,告訴我你是怎樣決定的。
5、由till或until引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句。till和until一般情況下兩者可以互換,但是在強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中多用until.并且要注意的 是:如果主句中的謂語動(dòng)詞是瞬時(shí)動(dòng)詞時(shí),必須用否定形式;如果主句中的謂語動(dòng)詞是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞時(shí),用肯定或否定形式都可以,但表達(dá)的意思不同。till不可 以用在句首,而until可以放在句首。例如:
I didn't go to bed until(till)my father came back.直到我父親回來我才上床睡覺。
I worked until he came back.我工作到他回來為止。
6、由since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句表示“自從……以來”。
I have been in Beijing since you left. 自從你離開以來,我一直在北京了。
7、由as soon as引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句表示“一……就”。例如:
As soon as I reach Canada, I will ring you up. 我一到加拿大,就給你來電話。
二、時(shí)態(tài)問題
在狀語從句中,有“主將從現(xiàn)”的規(guī)定,即主句用一般將來時(shí),從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來時(shí)。例句:I will call you as soon as I arrive in Beijing. 我到北京就將給你打電話。(這是由as soon as引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句,從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞arrive是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),表示一般將來時(shí),決不可用will arrive)
常見考法
對于時(shí)間狀語從句的考查,多以單選和完形填空的形式,從連詞的意義角度讓大家選擇連詞,或從時(shí)態(tài)的角度設(shè)題,考查學(xué)生靈活運(yùn)用的能力。
典型例題:I'm sure he will jump up when hethe good news.
A . know B will know C. knows D knowing
解析:本題考查學(xué)生時(shí)間狀語從句的時(shí)態(tài)問題。時(shí)間狀語從句中,主句若是一般將來時(shí),從句應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來時(shí)。從句的主語是單三人稱,所以排除 A .
答案: C
誤區(qū)提醒
When既可以引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句,也可以引導(dǎo)賓語從句,辨別它在這兩種從句中的時(shí)態(tài)是我們經(jīng)常容易出錯(cuò)的地方。
典型例題:I don't know when he next week. when he, please let me know.
A. comes, comes B. will come, will come
C. will come, comes D. comes, will come
解析:第一句話“我不知道他下周什么時(shí)候來”,when引導(dǎo)賓語從句 ,表示將來時(shí),就用一般將來時(shí)will come;第二句話“當(dāng)他來的時(shí)候,請讓我知道”,when引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句,用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來時(shí),所以用 comes.
答案: C
。ǘ┙Y(jié)果狀語從句知識點(diǎn)總結(jié)
結(jié)果狀語從句是補(bǔ)充說明主句中謂語動(dòng)詞發(fā)生的結(jié)果的,結(jié)果狀語從句常由so… that或 such…that引導(dǎo)。要掌握這兩個(gè)句型,我們首先來了解一下so 和 such與其后的詞的搭配規(guī)律。
1、such 是形容詞,修飾名詞或名詞詞組,such(+a/an)(+形容詞)+名詞+that;例如:
such a good book, such nice girls
2、so 是副詞,只能修飾形容詞或副詞,“so+形容詞/副詞+that”。例如:
so nice, so slowly
一般情況下,such+a+形容詞+名=so+形容詞+aan+名 例如:
so nice a flower = such a nice flower
表達(dá)“如此多/少”時(shí),常用so ,so與表示數(shù)量的形容詞many, few, much, little連用,形成固定搭配。例如:so many people
so… that和 such…that都可譯成“如此的···以至于···”,二者可以互換,(當(dāng)so修飾副詞的時(shí)候,二者往往不互換) 例句:
The boy is so young that he can't go to school.
He is such a young boy that he can't go to school.
常見考法
對于結(jié)果狀語從句的考查,多以單選和完形填空的形式,從連詞的意義角度讓大家選擇連詞。
典型例題:His plan was such a good one ____ we all agreed to accept it.
A. so B. and C. that D. as
解析:題干的意思是“他的計(jì)劃如此好以至于我們都同意接受它”,that與前面的such呼應(yīng), 引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句。
答案:A
誤區(qū)提醒
結(jié)果狀語從句中。除了要注意so… that和 such…that的區(qū)別外,還要注意它們和too……to do(太···而不能····)和enough +形容詞/副詞+to do(足夠的···可以···)的轉(zhuǎn)換。
典型例題:Ann is too young to go to school.(同義句轉(zhuǎn)換)
Ann is go to school.
解析:原句的意思是“安太小了而不能去上學(xué)”。那也就是說“安是如此的小,以至于她不能去上學(xué)”,根據(jù)所給出的`空數(shù),可以用so… that句型。
答案:so young that she can't
。ㄈ┰驙钫Z從句知識點(diǎn)總結(jié)
是用來說明引起主句這個(gè)結(jié)果的原因的從句,在初中階段引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句的從屬連詞主要的有because, as, since, for等。例如:
1.I didn't go to school yesterday because I was ill. 我昨天沒去上學(xué),因?yàn)槲疑×恕?/p>
2. Since everybody is here, let's begin our meeting. 既然大家都來了, 讓我們開始開會(huì)吧。
3. As you are in poor health, you should not stay up late. 既然你身體不好, 你就不該熬夜。
4.I asked her to stay to tea, for I had something to tell her.我請她留下來喝茶,因?yàn)槲矣惺乱嬖V她。
原因狀語從句應(yīng)注意的問題
1、because, since, as, for,辨析
1)because語勢最強(qiáng),用來說明人所不知的原因,回答why提出的問題。當(dāng)原因是顯而易見的或已為人們所知,就用as或 since.
I didn't go, because I was afraid.
Since /As the weather is so bad, we have to delay our journey.
2)由because引導(dǎo)的從句如果放在句末,且前面有逗號,則可以用for來代替。但如果不是說明直接原因,而是多種情況加以推斷,就只能用for.例:
He is absent today, becaus e / for he is ill. He must be ill, for he is absent today.
3) as和for的區(qū)別:通常情況下,as引導(dǎo)的從句在主句前,for引導(dǎo)的從句在主句后。例:As the weather is cold, I stay at home.(同義句) I stay at home, for the weather is cold.
2、because習(xí)慣上不與so連用
漢語習(xí)慣上說“因?yàn)椤浴,但英語習(xí)慣上卻不能將 so與because 連用:
正:Because it was raining, we stayed at home. / It was raining, so we stayed at home.
誤:Because it was raining, so we stayed at home. 因?yàn)橄掠,所以我們呆在家里?/p>
3、because 從句與 because of短語的轉(zhuǎn)換
Because引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句有時(shí)可與because of 短語轉(zhuǎn)換,because of后加的原因可以為好或壞 ,但最正規(guī)的還是because.
He can't come because he is ill. / He can't come because of his illness. 他因病不能來。
I said nothing about it because his wife was there. / I said nothing about it because of his wife's being there. 因?yàn)樗拮釉谀莾海覍Υ耸轮蛔治刺帷?/p>
常見考法
對于原因狀語從句的考查,多以單選和完形填空的形式,從連詞的意義角度讓大家選擇連詞。
典型例題:He found it increasingly difficult to read, ____ his eyesight was beginning to fail.
A. and B. for C. but D. or
解析:"his eyesight was beginning to fail"是"he found it increasingly difficult to read"的原因, 因此本題應(yīng)選用可以表示原因的連詞for引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句。
答案: B
誤區(qū)提醒
除了because、since、as、for這四個(gè)詞的辨析外,對于because 從句與 because of短語的區(qū)分也是難點(diǎn)之一。Because引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句有時(shí)可與because of 短語轉(zhuǎn)換,because of后跟的是短語,because后跟的是句子。
典型例題:He didn't go to work the heavy rain.
A .because B.because of C.so D.since
解析:題干的意思是“由于那場大雨,他沒有去上班”,the heavy rain.表示原因,排除C;since和because 表示原因,后面跟的是從句,也就是說必須是一個(gè)完整的句子,本題中the heavy rain沒有主語和謂語。只是一個(gè)短語,所以排除A和C;because of表示“由于···”,后跟名詞、代詞或短語。
答案:B
英語中特殊的數(shù)字表達(dá)
1.once一次
single單一的
singleness單一;單身
single-handed獨(dú)手的,只用一只手的
2.pair雙,對
double兩倍的
double-decker雙層床;雙層電車
double-chinned雙下巴的
3.quarter四分之一;一刻鐘;兩角五分錢(美國、加拿大的)
threequarters四分之三
4.dozen十二,一打
twodozenof兩打……
dozensof好幾打,很多的
indozens成打的
dozenth=twelfth第十二
abaker's(/printer's/long)dozen十三個(gè)(baker'sdozen的起初面包師在制作面包時(shí)偷工減料,克扣份量。這種做法弄得民怨沸騰,最后官方不得不專門為面包師們制訂了投料標(biāo)準(zhǔn),凡達(dá)不到標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的就要受到處罰。為了避免被罰,面包師們就在出售面包時(shí)每打多給一個(gè),即十三個(gè)為一打。)
5.score二十
threescoreandten七十
twoscoreof四十個(gè)……
scoresof大批的
inscores大量地,大批地
6.fortnight十四日,兩星期
fortnightly兩星期一次的;雙周刊
7.decade十年
century百年,世紀(jì)
bicentenary二百周年(的)
octocentenary八百周年(的)
millenary/millennium千年,千年期
英語語法中的各種句型的知識點(diǎn)總結(jié)
1. 強(qiáng)調(diào)句的基本結(jié)構(gòu)
It+be+被強(qiáng)調(diào)成分+that (who)…
He bought the book in this shop yesterday.
→It was he that bought the book in this shop yesterday. (強(qiáng)調(diào)主語he)
→It was the book that he bought in this shop yesterday. (強(qiáng)調(diào)賓語the book)
→It was in this shop that he bought the book yesterday. (強(qiáng)調(diào)地點(diǎn)狀語in this shop)
【注】在該強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)中,it is (was)…that (who)…為結(jié)構(gòu)詞,它通?梢允÷,而不影響句子的意思。
2. 強(qiáng)調(diào)句用that還是who
當(dāng)被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分指人時(shí),可以用who代that;當(dāng)被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分指物時(shí)通常用that。注意:強(qiáng)調(diào)事物時(shí),通常不宜用which來代that,另外當(dāng)強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間或地點(diǎn)狀語時(shí),通常也不能用when / where代that(尤其是當(dāng)這些狀語為介詞短語時(shí))。
3. 關(guān)于被強(qiáng)調(diào)成分
該強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中,被強(qiáng)調(diào)的成分除了是名詞、代詞、介詞短語等之外, 也可以是從句:
It is when he got back that he knew what had happened. 他回來后才知道所發(fā)生的情況。
It was because he loved my money that he married me. 他是因?yàn)閻畚业腻X才同我結(jié)了婚。
【注意】
(1) 該句型可強(qiáng)調(diào)because引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句,但通常不能強(qiáng)調(diào)由 since, as引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句,另外也不強(qiáng)調(diào)由although引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句。
(2) 該句型可以強(qiáng)調(diào)主語,但不強(qiáng)調(diào)表語。
4. 強(qiáng)調(diào)句的特殊疑問句形式
強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的陳述句形式和一般疑問句形式一般還好理解,但若以特殊疑問句形式出現(xiàn),則很容易誤解。比較:
Jim told us the news.(非強(qiáng)調(diào)句)
It was Jim that told us the news.(強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的陳述句形式)
Was it Jim that told us the news.(強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的一般疑問句形式)
Who was it that told us the news.(強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的特殊疑問句形式)
特殊疑問句形式的強(qiáng)調(diào)句可視為對陳述句強(qiáng)調(diào)中的被強(qiáng)調(diào)成分提問得來,如對It was yesterday that he arrived. 這一句中的yesterday提問,即得到When was it that he arrived?
5. not...until用于強(qiáng)調(diào)句
其基本形式為It is (was) not until…that…。比較:
He didn’t come until his wife left. 他妻子走了之后他才來。
It was not until his wife left that he came. 他妻子走了之后他才來。
They didn’t start until the rain stopped. 直到雨停他們才出發(fā)。
It was not until the rain stopped that they started. 直到雨停他們才出發(fā)。
英語語法倒裝句知識點(diǎn):讓步狀語從句倒裝用法系統(tǒng)歸納
有這樣一道考題:
_________, he talks a lot about his favorite singers after class.
A. A quiet student as he may be B. Quiet student as he may be
C. Be a quiet student as he may D. Quiet as he may be a student
這道題很有一定難度。具體說來,它主要涉及兩個(gè)考點(diǎn):一是讓步狀語從句倒裝后的詞序問題。讓步狀語從句之所以要采用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu),主要是為了強(qiáng)調(diào)位于句首的名詞、形容詞、副詞、動(dòng)詞等,其詞序形式為:被強(qiáng)調(diào)的成分+as / though + 主語+動(dòng)詞。二是在倒裝的讓步狀語從句中,位于句首的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞是否帶冠詞的問題。按照英語習(xí)慣,英語中的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞在泛指時(shí),一般要有不定冠詞的修飾,但是位于倒裝讓步狀語從句句首的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞是個(gè)例外,即使泛指其前也不加不定冠詞。由此可知,上面這道考題的答案應(yīng)為B。
為了幫助大家全面掌握讓步狀語從句的倒裝用法,本文將這類語法現(xiàn)象歸納為以下五種句型:
一、名詞+as / though+主語+動(dòng)詞
King as he was, he was unhappy. 他雖是國王,但他并不幸福。
Child as he is, he knows to help other. 他雖是個(gè)孩子,但卻知道幫助別人。
Teacher though he is, he can’t know everything. 他雖然是老師,但也不可能什么都懂。
【說明】其中的動(dòng)詞通常為連系動(dòng)詞,也就是說位于句首的名詞是其后連系動(dòng)詞的表語。另外,要特別注意位于句首的名詞前習(xí)慣上不用冠詞,即使其前有形容詞修飾也不用冠詞。比較:
Boy as [though] he is, he likes to play with girls.=Though [Although] he is a boy, he likes to play with girls. 他雖是男孩,卻喜歡與女孩子玩。
Strong man as [though] he is, General Botha has been severely put to the test during the past few weeks.= Though [Although] he is a strong man, General Botha has been severely put to the test during the past few weeks. 波賽將軍雖然堅(jiān)強(qiáng),但在過去的數(shù)周里也受到了嚴(yán)峻的考驗(yàn)。
二、形容詞+as / though+主語+動(dòng)詞
Successful as he is, he is not proud. 他雖然成功,但不驕傲。
Improbable as it seems, it’s true. 雖然看起來不太可能,但卻是真的。
Stupid as it sounds,I was so in love with her that I believed her. 盡管聽起來很愚蠢,我是如此愛她竟然相信了她的話。
Patient as he was,he didn’t like waiting that long. 他雖說有耐心,也不愿等這么長。
Beautiful though the necklace was,we thought it was over-priced. 那條項(xiàng)鏈雖然很漂亮,我們認(rèn)為價(jià)錢太高。
【說明】其中的動(dòng)詞也通常為連系動(dòng)詞,也就是說位于句首的形容詞是其后連系動(dòng)詞的表語。
三、副詞+as / though+主語+動(dòng)詞
Much as I like Paris, I couldn’t live there. 盡管我喜歡巴黎,但我不能住在那里。
Hard though they tried, they couldn’t make her change her mind. 盡管他們做了很大努力,卻沒法讓她改變主意。
Fast as you read, you can’t finish the book in two days. 盡管你讀得很快,你總不能在兩天之內(nèi)就讀完這本書。
He was unable to make much progress, hard as he tried. 盡管他做了努力,卻未能取得很大進(jìn)步。
Heavily as it is raining, the football game has been decided not to be put off. 盡管雨下得很大,但還是決定不推遲足球比賽。
【說明】有的詞典將much as 作為習(xí)語看待,認(rèn)為它是一個(gè)用以引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句的復(fù)合連詞。再如:
Much as I admire him as a writer,I do not like him as a man. 他作為一名作家我很佩服他,但我卻不喜歡他這個(gè)人。
Much as I like you, I couldn’t live with you. 我盡管很喜歡你, 卻不能和你在一起生活。
四、動(dòng)詞原形+as / though+主語+動(dòng)詞
Object as you may, I’ll go. 縱使你反對,我也要去。
Try as he might, he couldn’t solve the problem. 盡管他想方設(shè)法,卻未解決這個(gè)問題。
Search as they would, they would find nobody in the house. 無論怎樣搜查,他們在房子里仍然沒有找到一個(gè)人。
Dislike him as we may, we must acknowledge his greatness. 盡管我們不喜歡他,但必須承認(rèn)他的偉大。
Lose money as I did, we got a lot of experience. 錢雖然丟了,我們卻得到了許多經(jīng)驗(yàn)。
Fail in the election as he did, he became famous for his fiery speech against slavery. 盡管落選了,但他卻以其反對奴隸制的激烈演說而出了名。
【說明】主語后的動(dòng)詞通常為may, might, would, did 等情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或助動(dòng)詞(若表示情態(tài)意義,則選用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞;若陳述事實(shí),則用did, do 等助動(dòng)詞)。
五、分詞+as / though+主語+動(dòng)詞
Raining hard as it is, I’m going out for a walk. 雖然正在下著大雨,我還是要出去散步。
Surrounded as we were by the enemy, we managed to march forward. 雖然我們被敵人包圍著,但我們還是設(shè)法前進(jìn)了。
Munching the apple as he was, he had got an eye for all John’s movements. 他盡管在一個(gè)勁地嚼著蘋果,但仍警惕著約翰的一舉一動(dòng)。
【三條補(bǔ)充說明】
1. 這類倒裝的讓步狀語從句可用as, though 來引導(dǎo),但不能用although來引導(dǎo);但是,未倒裝的讓步狀語從句則可用though, although來引導(dǎo),而不能用as來引導(dǎo)。也就是說,although引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時(shí)不能倒裝,as引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時(shí)必須倒裝,而though引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時(shí)可以倒裝也可以不倒裝。如:
雖然很晚了,但我們還是繼續(xù)工作。
正:Late as [though] it was, we still went on working.
正:Though [Although] it was late, we still went on working.
誤:Late although it was, we still went on working.
誤:As it was late, we still went on working.
2. 上面提到的倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)有時(shí)也可用來表示原因,區(qū)別的辦法主要看句子的內(nèi)容:讓步從句的內(nèi)容大多數(shù)與主句在意義上相反,而原因從句則與主句之間有因果關(guān)系。比較:
Tired as he was, he sat up late studying at night. 昨晚他雖然很疲倦了,但還是學(xué)習(xí)到很晚才睡。(表讓步)
Tired as he was, he went to bed early. 因?yàn)楹芾,所以他睡得很早?表原因)
Young as he was, he was equal to the task. 他雖年輕,卻能勝任這項(xiàng)工作。(表讓步)
Young as he was, he was not equal to the task. 他因?yàn)槟贻p,所以不能勝任這項(xiàng)工作。(表原因)
3. 在美國英語中,人們通常用as…as引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。如:
Cold as it was, we went out.=As cold as it was, we went out. 盡管天氣冷,我們還是出去了。
Successful as he is, he is not proud.=As successful as he is, he is not proud. 他雖成功了,但不驕傲。
英語語法倒裝句知識點(diǎn):“only+狀語”置于句首句子要倒裝
請看下面一道涉及only的倒裝試題:
Only in this way __________ able to finish the work in time.
A. can you be B. are you C. you can be D. you are
此題應(yīng)選 B。容易誤選D。至于A,C,這比較容易排除,因?yàn)榍閼B(tài)動(dòng)詞 can 不能與 be able to用在同一謂語中。本題之所以要選B而不選D,主要是因?yàn)榫涫子昧薿nly in thisway 的緣故,按照英語語法規(guī)則:“only+狀語”位于句首,句子通常要用倒裝語序(部分倒裝——用一般疑問句形式)。如:
1. “only 副詞”位于句首。如:
Only then did I realize that I was wrong. 只是到了那時(shí)我才意識到是我錯(cuò)了。
2. “only+介詞短語”位于句首。如:
Only by working hard can you succeed. 只有努力工作你才能成功。
Only in the reading-room can you find him. 你只有在閱覽室才能找到他。
3. “only+狀語從句”位于句首。如:
Only when one loses freedom does one know itsvalue. 一個(gè)人只有在失去自由后才知道自由的可貴。
注意:若位于句首的不是only+狀語,而是 only+賓語等,則通常無需倒裝(但有時(shí)也可以倒裝)。如:
Only a policeman the children saw in the street. 孩子們在街上只看到一個(gè)警察。
Only one more point will I make. 我只再說明一點(diǎn)。
英語語法感嘆句知識點(diǎn):感嘆句的基本句型
【句型一】What + (a / an) + 形容詞 + 名詞 + 主語 + 謂語!
What a clever boy he is! (他是個(gè))多么聰明的男孩啊!
What an interesting story it is! (這是個(gè))多么有趣的故事啊!
What fine weather it is! 多好的天氣啊!
What beautiful flowers they are! (它們是)多么漂亮的花啊!
【說明】 在感嘆句中,What a / an 常用來修飾單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞,若其前面的形容詞為元音開頭,則用 an。what 是用來修飾復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞。但有些不可數(shù)名詞,如 rain, surprise, breakfast, lunch 等,當(dāng)前面有形容詞修飾,使抽象名詞具體化時(shí),則要用 what a / an,如:
What a heavy rain it is! 多大的一場雨啊!
What a great surprise it is! 這多么令人驚奇啊!
What a rich breakfast it is! 多么豐盛的一頓早餐啊!
【句型二】How + 形容詞 / 副詞 + 主語 + 謂語!
How well you look! 你氣色真好!
How kind you are! 你心腸真好!
How beautifully you sing! 你唱得真好聽!
Strawberries! How nice! 草莓! 多好呀!
How clever the boy is! 這個(gè)男孩多么聰明啊!
How fast he runs! 他跑得多么快啊!
【說明】how還可以修飾動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成感嘆句,但動(dòng)詞不提前。如:
How I want to be a doctor! 我多么想成為一名醫(yī)生啊!
How she dances! 她跳得多好啊!
英語語法感嘆句知識點(diǎn):陳述句改為感嘆句
感嘆句通常有what, how引導(dǎo),表示贊美、驚嘆、喜 悅、等感情。what修飾名詞,how 修飾形容詞,副詞或動(dòng)詞,感嘆句結(jié)構(gòu)主要有以下幾種:
How +形容詞+ a +名詞+其他成分!
How+形容詞或副詞+其他成分!
What +名詞+其他成分!
What +a+形容詞+名詞+其他成分!
What + 形容詞+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+其他成分!
What + 形容詞+不可數(shù)名詞+其他成分!
請看以下例子:
It’s an interesting film. 這是一部有趣的電影。
→ What an interesting film it is! 這是一部多有趣的電影啊!
It’s wonderful weather. 天氣很好。
→ What wonderful weather! 天氣真好!
He did the work carefully. 他做這工作很仔細(xì)。
→ How carefully he did the work! 他做這工作多仔細(xì)啊!
Time passed quickly. 時(shí)間過得很快。
→ How quickly time passed! 時(shí)間過得真快!
英語語法感嘆句知識點(diǎn):感嘆句后接附加疑問句
感嘆句之后有時(shí)可接附加疑問句,如:
How odd, isn’t it?
多怪,是不是?
What a magnificent building, isn’t it?
多么雄偉的建筑,對不對!
How nice, isn’t it?
多好呀,不是嗎!
What a bad cough he has, doesn’t he?
他咳得好歷害,是不是?
How exciting the game is, isn’t it?
好刺激的比賽啊,不是嗎?
中考英語定語從句知識點(diǎn)
1.定語從句的功用和結(jié)構(gòu)
在復(fù)合句中,修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫做定語從句。被定從句修飾的詞叫做先行詞。定語從句必須放在先行詞之后。引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞。例如:
This is the present that he gave me for my birthday
2.關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的功用
關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞用來引導(dǎo)定于從句,在先行詞和定語從句之間起紐帶作用,使二者聯(lián)系起來。關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞又在定語從句中充當(dāng)一個(gè)成分。關(guān)系待客做主語,賓語,定語,關(guān)系副詞可作狀語。
1. 作主語:關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作主語時(shí),從句的謂語動(dòng)詞的人稱和數(shù)須和先行詞一致。例如:
I don’t like people who talk much but do little.
The cars which are produced in Hubei Province sell very well.
2. 作賓語:She is the person that I met at the school gate yesterday.
The book that my grandmother gave me is called “The Great Escape”.
3. 作定語
關(guān)系代詞whose在定語從句中作定語用。例如:
What’s the name of the young man whose sister is a doctor?
The girl whose father is a teacher studies very hard.
4. 作狀語
I’ll never forget the day when I first came to Beijing.
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